http://space4peace.blogspot.com/2011/04/history-big-empire.html
Friday, April 29, 2011
HISTORY: THE BIG EMPIRE
An old U.S. military propaganda film about turning Okinawa into a U.S. "possession" as a power projection hub.
These days the people of Okinawa are fed up with the presence of U.S. bases and want them gone. But the U.S. military still sees Okinawa as a key outpost in its goal of maintaining bases to enable control of the Asian-Pacific, particularly China.
Showing posts with label Asia Pacific Command. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Asia Pacific Command. Show all posts
Sunday, May 1, 2011
Saturday, April 2, 2011
Text Fwd:Legacies of Pacific Island Militarization Project::Teresia Teaiwa - What Makes Women Soldiers?Context, Context, Context: The Case of Fiji
* Text Fwd from Martha Duenas on April 1, 2011
UCLA: The Legacies of Pacific Island Militarization Project - Postcolonial Theory and Literature Colloquium
What Makes Women Soldiers? Context, Context, Context: The Case of Fiji
Teresia K. Teaiwa, Pacific Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, NZ
Monday, April 18, 2011
5:00-6:30pm
UCLA - University of California at Los Angeles
Royce Hall 314
Senior Lecturer, Pacific Studies
"In the words of Victoria alumnus Albert Wendt, 'Oceania deserves more than an attempt at mundane fact'."
Abstract:
'What makes women soldiers?' Between 2008 and 2010 I recorded a series of oral histories of women currently serving in the Fiji Military Forces (FMF), and Fiji women who had been demobilized from the British Army (BA). The oral histories cover three generations of Fiji women soldiers: a small cohort who had served in the BA between 1961 and 1964; a larger cohort who had been the first women admitted into the FMF in 1988; and then an even larger cohort of women who have been recruited into both forces since the late 1990s. This paper forms the basis of the introductory chapter to a monograph based on the research, and will examine the colonial, nationalist and post/neo-colonial contexts in which each of the cohorts is respectively located. The paper espouses a feminist analysis of women soldiers that is attentive to historical and cultural specificity, and historically specific cultural specificity, moreover.
The work that I'm discussing here represents a shift in my own approach to studying militarism in the Pacific. Instead of trying to understand the militarization of the region from 'without' (as I had done in my PhD research and subsequent publications which involved a cultural studies approach based on reading and contextualizing events and texts), I have tried to understand it from 'within' (by conducting interviews with soldiers and officers); instead of trying to understand how militarization works from its center (through men), I have tried to understand it from its margins (through women). My assumption was that since masculinity and militarism are coterminous, and femininity and militarism are oppositional in certain ideological terms, by investigating how women from Fiji have become soldiers, I would learn more about how militarization works. By considering the changing contexts of women's militarization in Fiji, and by illuminating a case study in which extreme forms of violence do not distract from the analysis with their spectacle, I believe I have.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Professor Teresia K. Teaiwa is a senior lecturer and, from 2000 to 2009, was the founding director of Pacific Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Having trained and taught in the U.S. and the Pacific Islands, Teaiwa's interdisciplinary work makes important interventions in the fields of Pacific, postcolonial and women's studies. She is the author of Searching for Nei Nim`anoa, a groundbreaking poetry collection, the spoken word I can see Fiji: sound and performance, and author of numerous articles about Pacific Cultural Studies, gender, and militarization. She is co-editor of New Zealand Identities: departures and destinations http://www.victoria.ac.nz/vup/2005titleinformation/nzidentities.aspx (Victoria University Press, 2005) and Turning the tide: Towards a Pacific solution to aid conditionality (Greenpeace Australia Pacific, 2002). Her recent articles include "Globalizing and Gendered Forces: The Contemporary Militarization of Pacific/Oceania" in Gender and Globalization in Asia and the Pacific (University of Hawai`i Press) and "On Women and 'Indians': The Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion in Militarized Fiji" in Rethinking Security: Gender, Race and Militarization (Rutgers University Press, 2008).
The Legacies of Pacific Island Militarization Project is sponsored by The Burkle Center Faculty Research Working Group Grant, The Humanities Division, The Social Sciences Division, Asian American Studies, American Indian Studies, The Department of English, the Postcolonial Literature and Theory Colloquium, and the Cultures in Transnational Perspective Mellon Postdoctoral Program in the Humanities
UCLA: The Legacies of Pacific Island Militarization Project - Postcolonial Theory and Literature Colloquium
What Makes Women Soldiers? Context, Context, Context: The Case of Fiji
Teresia K. Teaiwa, Pacific Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, NZ
Monday, April 18, 2011
5:00-6:30pm
UCLA - University of California at Los Angeles
Royce Hall 314
Senior Lecturer, Pacific Studies
"In the words of Victoria alumnus Albert Wendt, 'Oceania deserves more than an attempt at mundane fact'."
Abstract:
'What makes women soldiers?' Between 2008 and 2010 I recorded a series of oral histories of women currently serving in the Fiji Military Forces (FMF), and Fiji women who had been demobilized from the British Army (BA). The oral histories cover three generations of Fiji women soldiers: a small cohort who had served in the BA between 1961 and 1964; a larger cohort who had been the first women admitted into the FMF in 1988; and then an even larger cohort of women who have been recruited into both forces since the late 1990s. This paper forms the basis of the introductory chapter to a monograph based on the research, and will examine the colonial, nationalist and post/neo-colonial contexts in which each of the cohorts is respectively located. The paper espouses a feminist analysis of women soldiers that is attentive to historical and cultural specificity, and historically specific cultural specificity, moreover.
The work that I'm discussing here represents a shift in my own approach to studying militarism in the Pacific. Instead of trying to understand the militarization of the region from 'without' (as I had done in my PhD research and subsequent publications which involved a cultural studies approach based on reading and contextualizing events and texts), I have tried to understand it from 'within' (by conducting interviews with soldiers and officers); instead of trying to understand how militarization works from its center (through men), I have tried to understand it from its margins (through women). My assumption was that since masculinity and militarism are coterminous, and femininity and militarism are oppositional in certain ideological terms, by investigating how women from Fiji have become soldiers, I would learn more about how militarization works. By considering the changing contexts of women's militarization in Fiji, and by illuminating a case study in which extreme forms of violence do not distract from the analysis with their spectacle, I believe I have.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Professor Teresia K. Teaiwa is a senior lecturer and, from 2000 to 2009, was the founding director of Pacific Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Having trained and taught in the U.S. and the Pacific Islands, Teaiwa's interdisciplinary work makes important interventions in the fields of Pacific, postcolonial and women's studies. She is the author of Searching for Nei Nim`anoa, a groundbreaking poetry collection, the spoken word I can see Fiji: sound and performance, and author of numerous articles about Pacific Cultural Studies, gender, and militarization. She is co-editor of New Zealand Identities: departures and destinations http://www.victoria.ac.nz/vup/2005titleinformation/nzidentities.aspx (Victoria University Press, 2005) and Turning the tide: Towards a Pacific solution to aid conditionality (Greenpeace Australia Pacific, 2002). Her recent articles include "Globalizing and Gendered Forces: The Contemporary Militarization of Pacific/Oceania" in Gender and Globalization in Asia and the Pacific (University of Hawai`i Press) and "On Women and 'Indians': The Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion in Militarized Fiji" in Rethinking Security: Gender, Race and Militarization (Rutgers University Press, 2008).
The Legacies of Pacific Island Militarization Project is sponsored by The Burkle Center Faculty Research Working Group Grant, The Humanities Division, The Social Sciences Division, Asian American Studies, American Indian Studies, The Department of English, the Postcolonial Literature and Theory Colloquium, and the Cultures in Transnational Perspective Mellon Postdoctoral Program in the Humanities
Saturday, March 19, 2011
Text Fwd: What the U.S. Can Do to Help Japan Recover - Stop Demanding Billions From Japan for U.S. Bases
_____________________________________
See also
Ten Thousand Things
Peace Philosophy Center
_____________________________________
* Text fwd from Joseph Gerson on March 18, 2011
_____________________________________
Dear our friends in the U.S. peace community,
This is Emiko HIRANO, international section head of the New Japan Women's
Association (Shinfujin).
Thank you very much for solidarity, compassion and support you have been
extending to us, in this most difficult time in our postwar history. You
keep reminding us that we are not alone in enduring and recovering from the
unprecedented tragedy.
President Barack Obama said in his statement on Thursday, "We will stand
with the people of Japan as they contain this crisis, recover from this
hardship, and rebuild their great nation." We are grateful that the
president of our ally is ready to do whatever it can to help us out of this
tragedy.
The New Japan Women's Association calls on our sisters and brothers, friends
of the U.S. peace and just movement to ask your president to return the
money he receives from the Japanese government, that is our taxpayers'
money, to cover the 75 percent of the cost of the U.S. military stationing
in Japan. We have over 130 U.S. military bases and facilities with about
40,000 personnel. The expenses for the maintaining the U.S. military in our
country is called "sympathy budget," (host nation support in your media)
because it covers far beyond the Japan's obligation under the Security
Treaty; it includes the salaries of the Japanese employees working in the
bases, as well as heating, electricity and water, and even dry-cleaning
charges of military families. In 2010, the expenses totaled nearly 190
billion yen (about $1.6 billion), and Japan covers 50 percent of all the
cost of U.S. military stationed around the world.
With the unprecedented scale of damage in Tohoku region, well-known for its
fishery and agricultural products, and the possible radiation contamination,
we need money for the rescue work and for assisting the people who barely
survived to recover. In the long run, Japan will need more and more money
not only for the reconstruction of the disaster-stricken areas but also for
recovering from the economic and human losses we are facing as a whole
nation. We cannot afford sustaining U.S. military bases and daily life of
the military families any more while we need money to help our fellow people
living in sorrow, grief and fear to get back to their normal life as soon as
possible, although life will not be the same as it used to be.
Please tell your president to show his support by saying that he kindly
declines to receive the "sympathy budget." Please tell your congresswomen,
congressmen and senators to present a resolution to this end.
Here in Japan, the New Japan Women's Association, urges the Japanese
government to stop spending the Japanese people money for maintaining the
U.S. military and to reallocate the budget for human need, with immediate
focus on the assistance to the Tohoku population. We believe this will lead
to the drastic cut in military spending to make our world safer for all and
more sustainable.
HIRANO Emiko
****************************************
International Section Head
New Japan Women's Association
5-10-20, Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0002 JAPAN
Phone: +81-3-3814-9141
Fax: +81-3-3814-9441
E-mail: s-intl@shinfujin.gr.jp / hiraemi@concerto.plala.or.jp
URL: http://www.shinfujin.gr.jp
See also
Ten Thousand Things
Peace Philosophy Center
_____________________________________
* Text fwd from Joseph Gerson on March 18, 2011
_____________________________________
Dear our friends in the U.S. peace community,
This is Emiko HIRANO, international section head of the New Japan Women's
Association (Shinfujin).
Thank you very much for solidarity, compassion and support you have been
extending to us, in this most difficult time in our postwar history. You
keep reminding us that we are not alone in enduring and recovering from the
unprecedented tragedy.
President Barack Obama said in his statement on Thursday, "We will stand
with the people of Japan as they contain this crisis, recover from this
hardship, and rebuild their great nation." We are grateful that the
president of our ally is ready to do whatever it can to help us out of this
tragedy.
The New Japan Women's Association calls on our sisters and brothers, friends
of the U.S. peace and just movement to ask your president to return the
money he receives from the Japanese government, that is our taxpayers'
money, to cover the 75 percent of the cost of the U.S. military stationing
in Japan. We have over 130 U.S. military bases and facilities with about
40,000 personnel. The expenses for the maintaining the U.S. military in our
country is called "sympathy budget," (host nation support in your media)
because it covers far beyond the Japan's obligation under the Security
Treaty; it includes the salaries of the Japanese employees working in the
bases, as well as heating, electricity and water, and even dry-cleaning
charges of military families. In 2010, the expenses totaled nearly 190
billion yen (about $1.6 billion), and Japan covers 50 percent of all the
cost of U.S. military stationed around the world.
With the unprecedented scale of damage in Tohoku region, well-known for its
fishery and agricultural products, and the possible radiation contamination,
we need money for the rescue work and for assisting the people who barely
survived to recover. In the long run, Japan will need more and more money
not only for the reconstruction of the disaster-stricken areas but also for
recovering from the economic and human losses we are facing as a whole
nation. We cannot afford sustaining U.S. military bases and daily life of
the military families any more while we need money to help our fellow people
living in sorrow, grief and fear to get back to their normal life as soon as
possible, although life will not be the same as it used to be.
Please tell your president to show his support by saying that he kindly
declines to receive the "sympathy budget." Please tell your congresswomen,
congressmen and senators to present a resolution to this end.
Here in Japan, the New Japan Women's Association, urges the Japanese
government to stop spending the Japanese people money for maintaining the
U.S. military and to reallocate the budget for human need, with immediate
focus on the assistance to the Tohoku population. We believe this will lead
to the drastic cut in military spending to make our world safer for all and
more sustainable.
HIRANO Emiko
****************************************
International Section Head
New Japan Women's Association
5-10-20, Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0002 JAPAN
Phone: +81-3-3814-9141
Fax: +81-3-3814-9441
E-mail: s-intl@shinfujin.gr.jp / hiraemi@concerto.plala.or.jp
URL: http://www.shinfujin.gr.jp
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
Text Fwd: Pentagon Takes Aim at Asia-Pacific, and deploys mercenary social scientists
DMZ Hawai'i
Pentagon Takes Aim at Asia-Pacific, and deploys mercenary social scientists
March 14, 2011 by kyle
Recently, versions of the same op ed piece appeared in both Guam and Hawai’i newspapers by James A. Kent and and Eric Casino. Kent describes himself as “an analyst of geographic-focused social and economic development in Pacific Rim countries; he is president of the JKA Group (www.jkagroup.com).” Eric Casino is “a social anthropologist and freelance consultant on international business and development in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.”
The authors argue that Guam and Hawai’i should capitalize on the U.S. militarization of the Pacific and remake our island societies into “convergence zones” to counter China’s growing power and influence in the region. They write:
Because of their critically important geographic positions at the heart of the Pacific, Hawaii and Guam are historically poised to become beneficial centers to the nations of the Western Pacific, the way Singapore serves countries around the South China Sea. In the 19th century, Hawaii was the “gas and go” center for whalers. In the 20th century it was the mobilization center for the war in the Pacific.
The writers even invoke the uprisings in the Arab world to encourage Guam and Hawai’i citizens to step up and take the reins of history:
Citizen action has shown itself as a critical component in the amazing political transformation sweeping the Middle East. It is time to change the old world of dominance and control by the few — to the participation and freedom for the many. The people of Hawaii and Guam will need to navigate these historic shifts with bold and creative rethinking.
“Change the old world dominance and control by the few – to the participation and freedom for the many”? You would think that they were preaching revolution. But its quite the opposite. In the Guam version of the article, they attempt to repackage the subjugation of the peoples of Guam and Hawai’i as liberation, part of the neoliberal agenda of the upcoming APEC summit:
The opportunity to capitalize on these trends is aligned with the choice of Hawaii as the host of the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in November.
Furthermore they encourage the people of Guam and Hawai’i to partake in and feed off of the militarization of our island nations while denigrating grassroots resistance:
The planned move of a part of the Marine Corps base must take place in a manner that builds Guam into a full social and economic participant in the power realignments and not just a military outpost for repositioning of American forces. Citizen unrest in Guam would sap U.S. energy to remain strategic and undermine its forward defense security.
So, while they exhort the people of Hawai’i and Guam “to navigate these historic shifts with bold and creative rethinking,” in the end, they are just selling the same old imperial and neoliberal arrangements imposed by foreign powers that the people of Hawai’i and Guam have had to contend with for centuries.
So what is the point of the op ed? It makes more sense when you understand the history and context of the authors. Both Kent and Casino are part of James Kent Associates, a consulting firm that has worked extensively with the Bureau of Land Management to manage the community concerns regarding development of natural resources in a number of western states. In 1997, the Marine Corps hired JKA Group to help counter resistance from the Wai’anae community to proposed amphibious assault training at Makua Beach, or as they put it to help “sustain its training options at Makua Beach in a cooperative manner with the community, and to be sure that community impacts and environmental justice issues were adequately addressed. JKA engaged in informal community contact and description by entering the routines of the local communities.”
They were essentially ‘hired gun’ social scientists helping the military manipulate the community through anthropological techniques:
Prior to JKA’s involvement, the NEPA process was being “captured” by organized militants from the urban zones of Hawaii. The strategy of the militants was to disrupt NEPA by advocating for the importance of Makua as a sacred beach. As community workers identified elders in the local communities, the elders did not support the notion of a sacred beach-”What, you think we didn’t walk on our beaches?” They pointed to specific sites on the beach that were culturally important and could not be disturbed by any civilian or military activity. As this level of detail was injected into the EA process, the militants were less able to dominate the process and to bring forward their ideological agenda. They had to be more responsible or lose standing in the informal community because the latter understood: “how the training activity, through enhancements to the culture, can directly benefit community members. Therefore, the training becomes a mutual benefit, with the community networks standing between the military and the activists.”
So community members active in the Native Hawaiian, environmental and peace movements are “organized militants from urban zones of Hawaii”? The military uses similar language to describe the resistance fighters in Iraq and Afghanistan. In a way, their methods anticipated the use of anthropologists in the battlefield in the “Human Terrain System” program.
What they don’t report on their website is that they failed to win over the community. Opposition to the Marine amphibious exercises was so strong that PACOM hosted an unprecedented meeting between Wai’anae community leaders on the one hand and CINCPAC, the Governor, and other public officials on the other. As preparations were made for nonviolent civil resistance, CINCPAC canceled the exercise in Makua and moved the amphibious landing to Waimanalo, where the community also protested.
It seems as though JKA Group has been contracted by the Marines once again to help manage the community resistance to the military invasion planned for Guam and Hawai’i. So the people of Hawai’i and Guam will have to resist this assault “with bold and creative rethinking.” One such initiative is the Moana Nui conference planned to coincide with APEC in Hawai’i in which the peoples of the Asia Pacific region can chart our own course for development, environmental protection, peace and security in a ways that “change the old world dominance and control by the few – to the participation and freedom for the many.”
On the topic of the militarization of the Asia-Pacific region, I recently spoke with Korean solidarity and human rights activist Hyun Lee and community organizer Irene Tung on their radio program Asia Pacific Forum on WBAI in New York City.
http://www.asiapacificforum.org/show-detail.php?show_id=221#610
Pentagon Takes Aim at Asia-Pacific
Listen to this segment (Download MP3)
Last month, the Pentagon unveiled the first revision of the National Military Strategy since 2004, declaring, “the Nation’s strategic priorities and interests will increasingly emanate from the Asia-Pacific region.” Join APF as we discuss the implications of the new document.
Guests
KYLE KAJIHIRO is Director of DMZ Hawaii and Program Director of the American Friends Service Committee in Hawaii.
Pentagon Takes Aim at Asia-Pacific, and deploys mercenary social scientists
March 14, 2011 by kyle
Recently, versions of the same op ed piece appeared in both Guam and Hawai’i newspapers by James A. Kent and and Eric Casino. Kent describes himself as “an analyst of geographic-focused social and economic development in Pacific Rim countries; he is president of the JKA Group (www.jkagroup.com).” Eric Casino is “a social anthropologist and freelance consultant on international business and development in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.”
The authors argue that Guam and Hawai’i should capitalize on the U.S. militarization of the Pacific and remake our island societies into “convergence zones” to counter China’s growing power and influence in the region. They write:
Because of their critically important geographic positions at the heart of the Pacific, Hawaii and Guam are historically poised to become beneficial centers to the nations of the Western Pacific, the way Singapore serves countries around the South China Sea. In the 19th century, Hawaii was the “gas and go” center for whalers. In the 20th century it was the mobilization center for the war in the Pacific.
The writers even invoke the uprisings in the Arab world to encourage Guam and Hawai’i citizens to step up and take the reins of history:
Citizen action has shown itself as a critical component in the amazing political transformation sweeping the Middle East. It is time to change the old world of dominance and control by the few — to the participation and freedom for the many. The people of Hawaii and Guam will need to navigate these historic shifts with bold and creative rethinking.
“Change the old world dominance and control by the few – to the participation and freedom for the many”? You would think that they were preaching revolution. But its quite the opposite. In the Guam version of the article, they attempt to repackage the subjugation of the peoples of Guam and Hawai’i as liberation, part of the neoliberal agenda of the upcoming APEC summit:
The opportunity to capitalize on these trends is aligned with the choice of Hawaii as the host of the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in November.
Furthermore they encourage the people of Guam and Hawai’i to partake in and feed off of the militarization of our island nations while denigrating grassroots resistance:
The planned move of a part of the Marine Corps base must take place in a manner that builds Guam into a full social and economic participant in the power realignments and not just a military outpost for repositioning of American forces. Citizen unrest in Guam would sap U.S. energy to remain strategic and undermine its forward defense security.
So, while they exhort the people of Hawai’i and Guam “to navigate these historic shifts with bold and creative rethinking,” in the end, they are just selling the same old imperial and neoliberal arrangements imposed by foreign powers that the people of Hawai’i and Guam have had to contend with for centuries.
So what is the point of the op ed? It makes more sense when you understand the history and context of the authors. Both Kent and Casino are part of James Kent Associates, a consulting firm that has worked extensively with the Bureau of Land Management to manage the community concerns regarding development of natural resources in a number of western states. In 1997, the Marine Corps hired JKA Group to help counter resistance from the Wai’anae community to proposed amphibious assault training at Makua Beach, or as they put it to help “sustain its training options at Makua Beach in a cooperative manner with the community, and to be sure that community impacts and environmental justice issues were adequately addressed. JKA engaged in informal community contact and description by entering the routines of the local communities.”
They were essentially ‘hired gun’ social scientists helping the military manipulate the community through anthropological techniques:
Prior to JKA’s involvement, the NEPA process was being “captured” by organized militants from the urban zones of Hawaii. The strategy of the militants was to disrupt NEPA by advocating for the importance of Makua as a sacred beach. As community workers identified elders in the local communities, the elders did not support the notion of a sacred beach-”What, you think we didn’t walk on our beaches?” They pointed to specific sites on the beach that were culturally important and could not be disturbed by any civilian or military activity. As this level of detail was injected into the EA process, the militants were less able to dominate the process and to bring forward their ideological agenda. They had to be more responsible or lose standing in the informal community because the latter understood: “how the training activity, through enhancements to the culture, can directly benefit community members. Therefore, the training becomes a mutual benefit, with the community networks standing between the military and the activists.”
So community members active in the Native Hawaiian, environmental and peace movements are “organized militants from urban zones of Hawaii”? The military uses similar language to describe the resistance fighters in Iraq and Afghanistan. In a way, their methods anticipated the use of anthropologists in the battlefield in the “Human Terrain System” program.
What they don’t report on their website is that they failed to win over the community. Opposition to the Marine amphibious exercises was so strong that PACOM hosted an unprecedented meeting between Wai’anae community leaders on the one hand and CINCPAC, the Governor, and other public officials on the other. As preparations were made for nonviolent civil resistance, CINCPAC canceled the exercise in Makua and moved the amphibious landing to Waimanalo, where the community also protested.
It seems as though JKA Group has been contracted by the Marines once again to help manage the community resistance to the military invasion planned for Guam and Hawai’i. So the people of Hawai’i and Guam will have to resist this assault “with bold and creative rethinking.” One such initiative is the Moana Nui conference planned to coincide with APEC in Hawai’i in which the peoples of the Asia Pacific region can chart our own course for development, environmental protection, peace and security in a ways that “change the old world dominance and control by the few – to the participation and freedom for the many.”
On the topic of the militarization of the Asia-Pacific region, I recently spoke with Korean solidarity and human rights activist Hyun Lee and community organizer Irene Tung on their radio program Asia Pacific Forum on WBAI in New York City.
http://www.asiapacificforum.org/show-detail.php?show_id=221#610
Pentagon Takes Aim at Asia-Pacific
Listen to this segment (Download MP3)
Last month, the Pentagon unveiled the first revision of the National Military Strategy since 2004, declaring, “the Nation’s strategic priorities and interests will increasingly emanate from the Asia-Pacific region.” Join APF as we discuss the implications of the new document.
Guests
KYLE KAJIHIRO is Director of DMZ Hawaii and Program Director of the American Friends Service Committee in Hawaii.
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Text Fwd: $474M for Insular Areas in Obama Budget
* Texts informed by Martha Duenas on Feb. 16, 2011
Marianas Variety
$474 Million for Insular Areas in Obama Budget
Therese Hart
Wednesday, 16 February 2011 00:55
President Barack Obama released his budget proposal to Congress for Fiscal Year 2012 and earmarked $474.4 million to support U.S. Insular Areas and Freely Associated States, according to a press release from Tony Babauta, Assistant Secretary for Insular Areas, Department of the Interior.
The current appropriations request includes $59.5 million in discretionary funding, $27.7 million in mandatory funding and a $10.1 million transfer from the Department of Defense for vehicles and supplies for the transportation of civilian students on Guam, according to a press release from Assistant Secretary for Insular Areas Tony Babauta’s office.
In addition, $377.1 million in permanent and indefinite appropriations is estimated for 2012 for fiscal payments mandated by law to U.S. territories and Freely Associated States.
The $59.5 million slated for discretionary programs under the 2012 budget request will address a variety of technical assistance and facilities maintenance programs in the U.S.-affiliated island communities. The 2012 budget makes noteworthy investments to bolster energy security in the insular areas and address impacts anticipated as a result of the planned relocation of U.S. Marines from Okinawa, Japan, to Guam within the Department of Defense.
“The 2012 budget request demonstrates President Obama’s continued commitment to the well-being of the U.S. insular areas while remaining fiscally disciplined,” said Assistant Secretary Babauta.
“Among the strategic investments we are making, we are proposing to take big strides toward helping the insular areas implement energy efficiency and renewable energy projects recommended by the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory in assessments funded by OIA in 2010,” he said.
“In addition, the budget proposal reflects our commitment to addressing the impacts of the U.S. Marines’ relocation to Guam,” Babauta explained.
“These funds demonstrate strong interagency collaboration in support of the President’s commitment to a ‘One Guam’ approach to managing the relocation and will be used to purchase public safety equipment and fund technical assistance projects that help the local government better serve the civilian community.”
The 2012 budget proposal will also support efforts to control the invasive brown tree snake on Guam, assist coral reef conservation initiatives, and support the operations of the American Samoa Government.
Current mandatory appropriations of $27.7 million will continue to be used to undertake capital improvement projects (CIP) that create economic opportunity in U.S. territories and improve the quality of life in those communities.
Breakdown
With these funds, American Samoa is scheduled to receive $10.1 million in CIP funding, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands $9.5 million, Guam $6.1 million and the U.S. Virgin Islands $2.0 million.
Permanent appropriations for 2012 include $145.0 million in payments to Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Guam is slated to receive an estimated $45.0 million in taxes collected in the territory via the IRS ”mirror” code that are by law transferred to the Government of Guam to support its public safety, health care, education and other services and operations.
The U.S. Virgin Islands is scheduled to receive an estimated $100 million for Federal taxes collected on distilled spirits in the territory that are by law transferred to the local government to support its operations. The budget includes $232.1 million in payments to the Freely Associated States under the Compact of Free Association legislation including $67.1 million for the Republic of the Marshall Islands and $105.5 million for the Federated States of Micronesia.
On September 3, 2010, the United States and the Government of Palau successfully concluded their review of the Compact of Free Association and signed a 15-year extension agreement that includes a $250 million package of assistance through 2024.
Under the agreement, Palau committed to undertake economic, legislative, financial, and management reforms. The conclusion of the agreement reaffirms the close partnership between the United States and the Republic of Palau. A legislative proposal was transmitted to Congress on January 14, 2011 for its consideration; therefore, OIA is not requesting current appropriations for Palau Compact assistance in 2012.
The President’s budget reflects many difficult budget choices, cutting worthy programs in order to fund the highest priority requirements, and advancing efforts to shrink Federal spending while being mindful of ongoing commitments, said Babauta.
_______________________________
KUAM News
Oversight Hearing Held on Buildup
Lannie Walker
February 15, 2011
Marianas Variety
US House Bill May Cut $321M from Guam Military Construction
Therese Hart
Wednesday, February 16, 2011 12:00AM
KUAM News
Pågat Lawsuit to Be Heard in Hawai'i
Marianas Variety
Timeline Set for Pågat Suit
Jennifer Naylor Gesick
Wednesday, 16 February 2011 00:54
Marianas Variety
$474 Million for Insular Areas in Obama Budget
Therese Hart
Wednesday, 16 February 2011 00:55
President Barack Obama released his budget proposal to Congress for Fiscal Year 2012 and earmarked $474.4 million to support U.S. Insular Areas and Freely Associated States, according to a press release from Tony Babauta, Assistant Secretary for Insular Areas, Department of the Interior.
The current appropriations request includes $59.5 million in discretionary funding, $27.7 million in mandatory funding and a $10.1 million transfer from the Department of Defense for vehicles and supplies for the transportation of civilian students on Guam, according to a press release from Assistant Secretary for Insular Areas Tony Babauta’s office.
In addition, $377.1 million in permanent and indefinite appropriations is estimated for 2012 for fiscal payments mandated by law to U.S. territories and Freely Associated States.
The $59.5 million slated for discretionary programs under the 2012 budget request will address a variety of technical assistance and facilities maintenance programs in the U.S.-affiliated island communities. The 2012 budget makes noteworthy investments to bolster energy security in the insular areas and address impacts anticipated as a result of the planned relocation of U.S. Marines from Okinawa, Japan, to Guam within the Department of Defense.
“The 2012 budget request demonstrates President Obama’s continued commitment to the well-being of the U.S. insular areas while remaining fiscally disciplined,” said Assistant Secretary Babauta.
“Among the strategic investments we are making, we are proposing to take big strides toward helping the insular areas implement energy efficiency and renewable energy projects recommended by the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory in assessments funded by OIA in 2010,” he said.
“In addition, the budget proposal reflects our commitment to addressing the impacts of the U.S. Marines’ relocation to Guam,” Babauta explained.
“These funds demonstrate strong interagency collaboration in support of the President’s commitment to a ‘One Guam’ approach to managing the relocation and will be used to purchase public safety equipment and fund technical assistance projects that help the local government better serve the civilian community.”
The 2012 budget proposal will also support efforts to control the invasive brown tree snake on Guam, assist coral reef conservation initiatives, and support the operations of the American Samoa Government.
Current mandatory appropriations of $27.7 million will continue to be used to undertake capital improvement projects (CIP) that create economic opportunity in U.S. territories and improve the quality of life in those communities.
Breakdown
With these funds, American Samoa is scheduled to receive $10.1 million in CIP funding, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands $9.5 million, Guam $6.1 million and the U.S. Virgin Islands $2.0 million.
Permanent appropriations for 2012 include $145.0 million in payments to Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Guam is slated to receive an estimated $45.0 million in taxes collected in the territory via the IRS ”mirror” code that are by law transferred to the Government of Guam to support its public safety, health care, education and other services and operations.
The U.S. Virgin Islands is scheduled to receive an estimated $100 million for Federal taxes collected on distilled spirits in the territory that are by law transferred to the local government to support its operations. The budget includes $232.1 million in payments to the Freely Associated States under the Compact of Free Association legislation including $67.1 million for the Republic of the Marshall Islands and $105.5 million for the Federated States of Micronesia.
On September 3, 2010, the United States and the Government of Palau successfully concluded their review of the Compact of Free Association and signed a 15-year extension agreement that includes a $250 million package of assistance through 2024.
Under the agreement, Palau committed to undertake economic, legislative, financial, and management reforms. The conclusion of the agreement reaffirms the close partnership between the United States and the Republic of Palau. A legislative proposal was transmitted to Congress on January 14, 2011 for its consideration; therefore, OIA is not requesting current appropriations for Palau Compact assistance in 2012.
The President’s budget reflects many difficult budget choices, cutting worthy programs in order to fund the highest priority requirements, and advancing efforts to shrink Federal spending while being mindful of ongoing commitments, said Babauta.
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KUAM News
Oversight Hearing Held on Buildup
Lannie Walker
February 15, 2011
Marianas Variety
US House Bill May Cut $321M from Guam Military Construction
Therese Hart
Wednesday, February 16, 2011 12:00AM
KUAM News
Pågat Lawsuit to Be Heard in Hawai'i
Marianas Variety
Timeline Set for Pågat Suit
Jennifer Naylor Gesick
Wednesday, 16 February 2011 00:54
Saturday, February 12, 2011
Text Fwd: NEW ARMORY UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN KOLONIA, POHNPEI
* Text fwd from Mike Reitz and Kyle Kajihiro on Feb. 11, 2011
…if you’ve even been to Pohnpei, there’s no way to make sense of this.
m
U.S. Embassy
Palikir, Pohnpei
Feb. 9, 2011
NEW ARMORY UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN KOLONIA, POHNPEI
On Feb. 2, Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety held a ground breaking ceremony for a new armory in Kolonia Town. Attending the event was Pohnpei Lt. Gov. Churchill Edward, Department of Public Safety Director Lucas Carlos, U.S. Embassy chargé d’ affaires Lori Dando, Larry Adams of ABCOR, and members of the Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety.
Funded by the U.S. Pacific Command Joint Inter-Agency Task Force, the armory is one of three facilities to be constructed in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), two of which will be located on Pohnpei. Upon completing of the armories, the FSM National Police, Pohnpei State Public Safety, and Yap State Public Safety will have the means to properly house and secure weapons and ammunition for the first time.
During her remarks at the ceremony, Dando said: "The Pohnpei State Armory and those who guard it will ensure that the contents of facility are utilized only for their intended purpose: to ensure public safety. Public safety and security are values shared by the citizens of our two nations, and are of the utmost significance to uphold democracy, the rule of law, and respect for human rights."
Speaking on behalf of Pohnpei, Edward thanked the U.S. government for funding the armory, noting the uptick of ground breakings and ribbon cuttings for U.S.-funded projects across Pohnpei.
In 2010, the Joint Inter-Agency Task Force provided weapons training to FSM national police, the Pohnpei Department of Public Safety and the Yap State Department of Public Safety. Training will continue this July.
The Joint Inter-Agency Task Force is the U.S. Pacific Command’s executive agent for U.S. Department of Defense support to law enforcement drug-related transnational organized crime to reduce threats in the Asia-Pacific region. It provides technical assistance, training, and support to law enforcement, and combats in order to protect national security interests and promote regional stability. It is based in Hawaii.
…if you’ve even been to Pohnpei, there’s no way to make sense of this.
m
U.S. Embassy
Palikir, Pohnpei
Feb. 9, 2011
NEW ARMORY UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN KOLONIA, POHNPEI
On Feb. 2, Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety held a ground breaking ceremony for a new armory in Kolonia Town. Attending the event was Pohnpei Lt. Gov. Churchill Edward, Department of Public Safety Director Lucas Carlos, U.S. Embassy chargé d’ affaires Lori Dando, Larry Adams of ABCOR, and members of the Pohnpei State Department of Public Safety.
Funded by the U.S. Pacific Command Joint Inter-Agency Task Force, the armory is one of three facilities to be constructed in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), two of which will be located on Pohnpei. Upon completing of the armories, the FSM National Police, Pohnpei State Public Safety, and Yap State Public Safety will have the means to properly house and secure weapons and ammunition for the first time.
During her remarks at the ceremony, Dando said: "The Pohnpei State Armory and those who guard it will ensure that the contents of facility are utilized only for their intended purpose: to ensure public safety. Public safety and security are values shared by the citizens of our two nations, and are of the utmost significance to uphold democracy, the rule of law, and respect for human rights."
Speaking on behalf of Pohnpei, Edward thanked the U.S. government for funding the armory, noting the uptick of ground breakings and ribbon cuttings for U.S.-funded projects across Pohnpei.
In 2010, the Joint Inter-Agency Task Force provided weapons training to FSM national police, the Pohnpei Department of Public Safety and the Yap State Department of Public Safety. Training will continue this July.
The Joint Inter-Agency Task Force is the U.S. Pacific Command’s executive agent for U.S. Department of Defense support to law enforcement drug-related transnational organized crime to reduce threats in the Asia-Pacific region. It provides technical assistance, training, and support to law enforcement, and combats in order to protect national security interests and promote regional stability. It is based in Hawaii.
Sunday, January 30, 2011
Text Fwd: Pacific Command Chief Speaks Of U.S.-Japan-S. Korea Exercises
* Text sent from Rick Rozoff on Jan. 28, 2011
Arirang News
January 28, 2011
US PACOM Commander: "Good Chance" for Korea-US-Japan Military Exercises
The US commander in charge of the Asia Pacific region has expressed a view that there is a "good chance" of a combined military exercise between Korea, the US and Japan being held in the future.
Speaking with reporters at the US embassy in Tokyo on Thursday, the commander of the US Pacific Command, Admiral Robert Willard, said this new joint effort could come some time in the future.
Willard cited that Korea and Japan are both allies of the US, and have "natural interoperable capability," but left the decision to participate in the combined exercises to Seoul and Tokyo.
....
Monday, January 10, 2011
[국문 번역]Text Fwd:[Kyle Kajihiro on the article of] Hawaii key in U.S. plans for Pacific region 하와이, 미국의 태평양 지역 계획들에서 핵심
* Image & caption source 이미지와 캡션 출처:
Honolulu Star Advertiser, Jan. 7, 2011호놀룰루 스타 어드버타이저, 2011년 1월 7일
'CINDY ELLEN RUSSELL / CRUSSELL@STARADVERTISER.COMHonolulu Star Advertiser, Jan. 7, 2011호놀룰루 스타 어드버타이저, 2011년 1월 7일
Oceanit owner and founder Patrick Sullivan, right, explained the science and engineering company’s sniper detection system to Adm. Gary Roughead, left, Adm. Robert F. Willard and Gov. Neil Abercrombie yesterday at the Hawai‘i Convention Center, where the officials and other military commanders were attending the 10th annual Hawaii military partnership conference.'
'신디 엘렌 러셀/ CRUSSELL@STARADVERTISER.COM
Oceanit의 소유자이자 창설자인 패트릭 설리반(오른쪽)이 어제 하와이 회담 센터에서 사령관 개리 러프헤드(왼쪽), 로버트 윌라드와 닐 아버크롬비 주지사에게 그 과학 및 공학 회사의 저격 탐지 시스템을설명했다. 하와이 회담 센터에서는 관리들과 다른 군대 사령관들이 10번째 연간 하와이 군사 협력 회담에 참석했다.
____________________________________________
* See also Bruce Gagnon's Organizing Notes blog 브루스 개그논의 조직 노트 블로그를 또한 보시길.
Monday, January 10, 2011 2011년 1월 10일
EMPIRE OF ISLAND BASES 섬 기지들의 제국
____________________________________________
DMZ Hawai'i 하와이 비무장 지대(클릭)
Hawaii key in U.S. plans for Pacific region
하와이, 미국의 태평양 지역 계획들에서 핵심
January 7, 2011 2011년 1월 7일
by Kyle Kajihiro 카일 카지히로 씀
As the Honolulu Star Advertiser reports, despite the Pentagon’s announced budget cuts of $78 billion, the message from the 10th annual Hawaii military partnership conference is that “Hawaii is of extreme strategic importance” to the United States because of our location in the critically important Asia Pacific region and because of the rising economic and military power of China, which the U.S. hopes to contain.
호놀룰루 스타 어드버타이저(Honolulu Star Advertiser)가 보도하듯 미국방부의 780억 달러 예산 삭감 발표에도 불구, 10번째 연간 하와이 군사 협력 회담의 메시지는, 결정적으로 중요한 아시아 태평양 지역에서의 우리의 위치와, 미국이 봉쇄하길 희망하는 중국의 증가하는 경제와 군사 역활이라는 점들 때문에, 미국에게 “하와이는 지극히 전략적으로 중요한 곳” 이라는 메시지이다.
The military-business love fest was sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce of Hawaii, the same organization that conspired with U.S. elites in the 19th century to obtain a Treaty of Reciprocity, which allowed the U.S. to use Ke Awalau o Pu’uloa (aka Pearl Harbor) in exchange for dropping tariffs on Hawaiian sugar imports to the U.S. The Treaty of Reciprocity was opposed by many Hawaiian citizens because it was rightfully seen as an erosion of Hawaiian sovereignty and a threat to one of the richest food resources for the island of O’ahu. This treaty, which could be considered a precursor to modern neoliberal trade agreements, was a key event in the U.S. takeover of Hawai’i. Today, Hawai’i is still hostage to the economic and military interests that engineered the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the U.S. occupation of the islands. The Hawai’i military partnership conference and upcoming APEC summit in Honolulu only confirms this fact.
군사-사업 애호 축제는 19세기경 호혜 조약을 획득하려 미국의 엘리트들과 공모한 조직과 같은 조직인 하와이 상업 위원회에 의해 주최되었는데 그 조직은 미국에 수입되는 하와이 설탕 관세를 떨어뜨리는 교환으로 미국으로 하여금 케 아왈라우 오 풀로아 (Ke Awalau o Pu’uloa. 진주항 Pearl Harbor 로 불림) 를 사용하도록 허락하였던 조직이다. 그 호혜 조약은 많은 하와이 시민들에 의해 반대되었는데 왜냐하면 그것은 하와이의 주권을 침식시키고 오아후 (O’ahu) 섬으로서는 가장 풍부한 식량 자원의 하나에 대한 위협으로 옳게 보여졌기 때문이다. 현대의 신자유주의 무역 혐정들의 전조라 고려될 수 있는 이 조약은 미국의 하와이 탈취의 핵심 사건이었다. 오늘날, 하와이는 여전히 하와이 왕국을 쓰러뜨리고 섬들에 대한 미국 점령을 몰고갔던 경제적, 군사적 이득의 볼모이다. 하와이 군사 협력 회담과 호놀룰루에서 열릴 다가올 아태 경제 협력 정상 회담 (APEC summit) 은 이 사실을 확인시킬 뿐이다.
* Image source: DMZ Hawai'i 오하우 섬 (See the related article 관련 글 클릭)케 아왈라우 오 풀로아 (Ke Awalau o Pu’uloa. 진주항 Pearl Harbor) 가 오하우 섬 남쪽으로 보입니다. 지도의 붉은 색들이 군사 기지 또는 시설들.
According to the Star Advertiser article, the U.S. military population in Hawai’i is approximately 110,000 (50,000 active-duty military members and 60,000 dependents), which is around 8.5 percent of the total population of Hawai’i. Large scale military-driven population transfer of Americans to Hawai’i have had major negative social and cultural impacts on Kanaka Maoli, not the least of which is the loss of self-determination. The international community understands that the influx of settlers to an occupied territory, such as Palestine, Tibet and East Timor, constitute serious human rights problems. However the influx of American settlers in Hawai’i or Guam have not gotten the same attention.
스타 어드버타이즈 가사에 의하면 하와이의 미국 군대 인구는 대략 11만으로서 (5만의 현역 군인들과 6만의 부양가족들) 하와이 총 인구의 대략 8.5 % 이다. 미국인들의 하와이로의 군대에 의한 큰 규모의 인구 이동은 카나카 마올리(Kanaka Maoli)에 주요한 부정적인 사회, 문화적 충격들을 입혔는데 그 중 간과할 수 없는 것이 자기 결정의 상실이다. 국제 공동체는 이주인들의 팔레스타인, 티벳, 이스트 티모르와 같은 피점령 영토로의 유입이 심각한 인권 문제들을 일으킴을 이해한다. 그러나 하와이나 괌으로의 미국 이주인들의 유입은 그 같은 주의를 받지 못하였다.
Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Gary said “There’s no question in my mind that the importance of this region, the Asia-Pacific region and in particular Hawaii, and the vital role it will play in the future is not going to diminish.” This means that the threat of militarization will continue or worsen for places like Korea, Okinawa, Guam and Hawai’i. Peace and justice movements in this region will have to grow our movements and strengthen our networks within the region and with allies in the U.S. We need to call on peace and justice movements within the U.S. to understand developments in the Asia Pacific region, and especially the importance small island bases in the expansion and maintenance of U.S. empire, and to step up their own efforts to dismantle the oppressive “empire of bases” (to borrow a phrase from the late Chalmers Johnson). Now that fiscal realities are finally forcing some in Washington to consider the taboo subject of cutting the military budget, the U.S. peace and justice movements have an opportunity to advocate for the reduction of the military troops and bases around the world.
해군 작전 참모 총장 개리는 “이지역, 이 아시아 태평양 지역, 특히 하와이와 하와이의 역활이 미래에 행할 필요 불가결한 역활은 축소되지 않을 것이란 덴 의문의 여지가 없다.” 라고 말했다. 이는 군사화의 위협이 한국, 오키나와, 괌, 그리고 하와이에서 계속되거나 악화될 것을 의미한다. 이 지역의 평화와 정의 운동들은 이 지역내 및 미국의 동맹국들과 우리의 운동들을 성장시키고 우리의 넷워크를 강화시켜야 한다. 우리는 미국 내 평화와 정의 운동들에 아시아 태평양 에서의 진전들 그리고 특히 미 제국의 확장과 유지에 있어 작은 섬들의 기지들의 중요성에 대해 이해하고 이 압제적인 “기지들의 제국”(찰머스 존슨의 후반 삶에서 귀절을 빌려오면) 을 붕괴시키기 위해 그들 자신의 노력을 하도록 행보를 디딜 것을 요청할 필요를 느낀다. 이제 재정 현실은 워싱턴의 사람들로 하여금 금기 주제 였던 군사 예산을 삭감하도록 마침내 밀어부치고 있는데 미국의 평화와 정의 운동들은 세계의 군대와 기지들을 축소하는 것을 지지할 기회를 갖게 된 것이다.
One of the many photos the Navy has set up inside the busy tourist-filled Jeju Island airport as a way to "promote" the planned base in the Gangjeong village. These Aegis destroyers, built at Bath Iron Works in Maine, are outfitted with missile offense systems and will be used to surround China's coastline (Bruce Gagnon blog)관광객들로 바쁘게 채워지는 제주도 공항에 해군이 강정 마을의 예정된 해군 기지를 "홍보"하기 위한 한 방안으로 건 사진들 중의 하나 .
메인주 배쓰 철강 공장에서 지어지는 이 이지스 구축함들은 미사일 공격 시스템들로 장착되어 중국의 해안을 봉쇄하기 위해 이용될 것이다.
(브루스 개그논 블로그)
The article also reports:
그 기사는 또한 보도하길:
Lt. Gen. Benjamin “Randy” Mixon, head of the U.S. Army in the Pacific and headquartered at Fort Shafter, said the Army is looking at shifting Makua Valley away from its past use as an intensive live-fire training facility and bringing in “more relevant” training focused on roadside bomb detection.
포트 섀프터에 본부가 있는 태평양 미 육군의 사령관인 중장 벤자민 “랜디” 믹슨은 미 육군이 마쿠아 계곡을 과거 강도높은 실사격 훈련 시설의 사용으로부터 도로의 폭탄 탐지에 촛점을 둔 “더 관련있는” 훈련으로 사용되도록 알아보고 있다고 말했다.
Due to a lawsuit, there has been no live-fire training in Makua Valley since 2004.
한 소송 때문에, 2004년 이후 마쿠아 계곡에는 실사격 훈련이 없었다.
Another focus would be unmanned aerial vehicle training using Makua, which has unrestricted airspace, Mixon said. In conjunction with those changes, the Army is planning to move some live-fire training to new facilities it would build at Pohakuloa Training Area on the Big Island.
믹슨은 또한 또다른 촛점은 제한없는 항공 공간을 지닌 마쿠아의 무인 비행기 훈련이 될 것이라고 말했다. 그러한 변화들과 관련하여 미 육군은 몇 실사격 훈련장을 큰 섬(Big Island)의 포하쿨로아훈련 지역(Pohakuloa Training Area)에 지을 새로운 시설들로 옮길 계획을 하고 있다.
* Image source: DMZ Hawai'i 하와이 섬 (See the related article 관련 글 클릭)포하쿨로아훈련 지역(Pohakuloa Training Area) 이 하와이 제도에서 가장 큰 하와이 섬 한가운데 있음이 보여진다.(붉은 색)
So the Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement being prepared for construction at Pohakuloa is related to the shifting of training activities from Makua to Pohakuloa.
그러므로 포하쿨로아에 건설을 위해 준비되어 있는 프로그램별 환경 영향 성명서는 훈련 활동들을 마쿠아로부터 포하쿨로아로 옮기는 것과 관련되어 있다.
The language coming out of these kinds of conferences also reveals a lot about how the military and businesses view Hawai’i. Hawai’i is used to serve certain interests. Our lands, seas and skies are used. Our people are used. The entire Pacific ocean is used. It reveals the arrogance of empire. Empire never asks permission of the people in its far flung possessions. It imposes, announces, decides.
이러한 종류의 회담들로부터 나오는 언어들은 군대와 사업들이 어떻게 하와이를 보느냐를 또한 폭로한다. 하와이는 특정한 이익들에 복무하기 위해 이용된다. 우리의 땅들, 바다들, 그리고 하늘들이 이용된다. 우리의 민중들이 이용된다. 태평양 바다 전체가 이용된다. 그것은 제국의 오만을 폭로한다. 제국은 절대로 그것이 소유한 광범위한 지역의 사람들의 허락을 묻지 않는다. 그것은 개입하고 알리고 결정한다.
Adm. Robert F. Willard, commander in chief of the Pacific Command said that the Pentagon is focusing its attention on the Asia Pacific Region. Willard said. “We’ll be discussing Pacific Command’s vision for a future posture that is an improved posture in the region — not a lessening posture by any means, but rather a reorienting of some of our forces.” “Improved posture”? As in stop slouching? Interesting language. It sounds like a bit of spin on possible budget cuts. We’ll see.
태평양 사령부의 사령관 로버트 F. 윌라드는 미 국방부가 아시아 태평양 지역에 주의의 촛점을 맞추고 있다 하였다. 윌라드는 “우리는 지역에서 개선된 태세인, 미래의 태세를 위해, 태평양 사령부의 전망에 대해 토론할 것이다. 결코 태세를 줄이는 것이 아니라 우리의 군대에 새로운 방침을 주는 것으로 말이다.” “개선된 태세”? 꼼짝도 못하고 수그린 와중에 말인가? 흥미로운 언어이다. 그것은 가능한 예산 삭감을 질질 끄는 것으로 보인다. 우리는 알게 될 것이다.
READ THE FULL ARTICLE HERE
기사 전체는 여기서 읽을 수 있다.
Friday, December 17, 2010
Text Fwd: U.S. Prepares For New Decade Of War In Asia
Rick Rozoff blog
Stop NATO
December 16, 2010
U.S. Prepares For New Decade Of War In Asia
Rick Rozoff
The United States is engaged in the longest war in its 234-year history in Afghanistan, one that will begin its eleventh calendar year in two weeks. Like the war that had been America's longest before now, that in Indochina, the current one is in the Asian continent.
With repeatedly extended projected withdrawal dates, the latest is 2014, although even that has been characterized by Pentagon spokesman Geoff Morrell as merely "aspirational," the campaign in Afghanistan and over the past two years in neighboring Pakistan has marked Asia as the center of U.S. global military strategy and operations.
Roughly 100,000 U.S. troops and over half as many more from Washington's North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies and partners are waging an armed conflict that this year has resulted in an increasing number of civilian casualties and the most deaths among belligerents on both sides since it began on October 7, 2001. U.S. and NATO war dead this year are approaching the 700 mark, nearly a third of the total for the over nine-year-old war.
Since the U.S. invasion in 2001 opium production has grown by 40,000 percent (according to Russian estimates), with Afghanistan accounting for 92 percent of the world's cultivation of the narcotic. In addition to the killing of Afghan civilians by U.S. and NATO air and night raids, bomb attacks against civilians, including suicide bombings, are regular occurrences in Afghanistan and in neighboring Pakistan and Iran.
READ MORE
Stop NATO
December 16, 2010
U.S. Prepares For New Decade Of War In Asia
Rick Rozoff
The United States is engaged in the longest war in its 234-year history in Afghanistan, one that will begin its eleventh calendar year in two weeks. Like the war that had been America's longest before now, that in Indochina, the current one is in the Asian continent.
With repeatedly extended projected withdrawal dates, the latest is 2014, although even that has been characterized by Pentagon spokesman Geoff Morrell as merely "aspirational," the campaign in Afghanistan and over the past two years in neighboring Pakistan has marked Asia as the center of U.S. global military strategy and operations.
Roughly 100,000 U.S. troops and over half as many more from Washington's North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies and partners are waging an armed conflict that this year has resulted in an increasing number of civilian casualties and the most deaths among belligerents on both sides since it began on October 7, 2001. U.S. and NATO war dead this year are approaching the 700 mark, nearly a third of the total for the over nine-year-old war.
Since the U.S. invasion in 2001 opium production has grown by 40,000 percent (according to Russian estimates), with Afghanistan accounting for 92 percent of the world's cultivation of the narcotic. In addition to the killing of Afghan civilians by U.S. and NATO air and night raids, bomb attacks against civilians, including suicide bombings, are regular occurrences in Afghanistan and in neighboring Pakistan and Iran.
READ MORE
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
[Site Fwd: DMZ Hawai'i] Marshallese confront existential threat with climate change 마샬 군도 인들, 기후 변화와 함께 존재적 위협에 직면
DMZ Hawai'i
Marshallese confront existential threat with climate change
Marshallese confront existential threat with climate change
December 7, 2010 by kyle
As reported in the Honolulu Star Advertiser, Marshall Islands delegates to the UN climate change conference in Cancun are confronting unique problems as a nation state that is rapidly disappearing under rising seas. Not only have Marshallese and other Micronesians had to deal with the legacy of imperialism, wars, and nuclear testing; they are now facing extinction as an entire nation due to the greenhouse gas emissions of the industrialized countries:
CANCUN, Mexico >> Encroaching seas in the far Pacific are raising the salt level in the wells of the Marshall Islands. Waves threaten to cut one sliver of an island in two.
“It’s getting worse,” says Kaminaga Kaminaga, the tiny nation’s climate change coordinator.
The rising ocean raises questions, too: What happens if the 61,000 Marshallese must abandon their low-lying atolls? Would they still be a nation? With a U.N. seat? With control of their old fisheries and their undersea minerals? Where would they live, and how would they make a living? Who, precisely, would they and their children become?
Saturday, November 20, 2010
Text Fwd: ROK-US Militray Drill, Nov. 22~30 한미 전쟁 연습 11월 22일~30일
Korea Times
US Marine won’t participate in exercise in West Sea
11-18-2010
By Jung Sung-ki
The U.S. Marine and Navy will not participate in the forthcoming amphibious training exercise with their South Korean counterparts scheduled for later this month, a spokesman for U.S. Forces Korea (USFK) said Wednesday.
Seoul’s Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) announced Tuesday a plan to hold a large-scale military drill from Nov. 22-30 with the participation of about 70,000 troops from all the four services of the South Korean Armed Forces.
As part of the “Hoguk” exercise, the South Korean and U.S. Marines and Navies had originally planned a joint amphibious exercise in the western waters of the Korean Peninsula. The U.S. Marine’s expeditionary force from Okinawa, Japan, was scheduled to take part in the landing exercise.
A local newspaper speculated that the cancellation of participation by the U.S. Marines in the exercise comes amid repeated complaints from China about joint maritime maneuvers conducted by U.S. and South Korean forces in the West Sea.
Beijing considers most of the West Sea, or Yellow Sea, to be its territory, despite international agreements that declare most of those areas to be open waters.
“The U.S. Marine and Navy participation in the annual ROK-U.S. amphibious training exercise had to be postponed due to scheduling conflicts,” Col. Jonathan Withington, chief of the USFK public affairs office, told The Korea Times. “The U.S. Pacific Command and U.S. Forces Korea will look for another opportunity to conduct this vital training at a later date.”
The annual exercise is important for maintaining the combat readiness of both the Combined Forces Command and the ROK-U.S. alliance, the colonel added.
South Korea has staged a series of massive military drills along with the U.S. military in recent months in a show of strength against North Korea in the aftermath of the sinking of one of the South’s warships in March this year.
In May, a Seoul-led international team of investigators determined that the ship, Cheonan, was sunk by a torpedo fired from a North Korean submarine.
Forty-six sailors were killed in the incident. North Korea denies the allegation.
US Marine won’t participate in exercise in West Sea
11-18-2010
By Jung Sung-ki
The U.S. Marine and Navy will not participate in the forthcoming amphibious training exercise with their South Korean counterparts scheduled for later this month, a spokesman for U.S. Forces Korea (USFK) said Wednesday.
Seoul’s Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) announced Tuesday a plan to hold a large-scale military drill from Nov. 22-30 with the participation of about 70,000 troops from all the four services of the South Korean Armed Forces.
As part of the “Hoguk” exercise, the South Korean and U.S. Marines and Navies had originally planned a joint amphibious exercise in the western waters of the Korean Peninsula. The U.S. Marine’s expeditionary force from Okinawa, Japan, was scheduled to take part in the landing exercise.
A local newspaper speculated that the cancellation of participation by the U.S. Marines in the exercise comes amid repeated complaints from China about joint maritime maneuvers conducted by U.S. and South Korean forces in the West Sea.
Beijing considers most of the West Sea, or Yellow Sea, to be its territory, despite international agreements that declare most of those areas to be open waters.
“The U.S. Marine and Navy participation in the annual ROK-U.S. amphibious training exercise had to be postponed due to scheduling conflicts,” Col. Jonathan Withington, chief of the USFK public affairs office, told The Korea Times. “The U.S. Pacific Command and U.S. Forces Korea will look for another opportunity to conduct this vital training at a later date.”
The annual exercise is important for maintaining the combat readiness of both the Combined Forces Command and the ROK-U.S. alliance, the colonel added.
South Korea has staged a series of massive military drills along with the U.S. military in recent months in a show of strength against North Korea in the aftermath of the sinking of one of the South’s warships in March this year.
In May, a Seoul-led international team of investigators determined that the ship, Cheonan, was sunk by a torpedo fired from a North Korean submarine.
Forty-six sailors were killed in the incident. North Korea denies the allegation.
Friday, November 19, 2010
[국문 번역]Text Fwd: After NATO Summit, U.S. To Intensify Military Drive Into Asia 미국, 나토 정상 회담 이후 아시아에서의 군사화 추진 고조 할 것임
Rick Rozoff blog릭 로조프 블로그
Also in Stop NATO스탑 나토
and Global Research글로벌 리서치
After NATO Summit, U. S. To Intensify Military Drive Into Asia
나토 정상 회담 이후 미국, 아시아로 군사화 추진 고조할 것
November 17, 2010
2010년 11월 17일
Rick Rozoff
릭 로조프
* All the image sources and captions come from the link.
* 모든 이미지 소스들과 이미지 설명문들은 링크에서 옵니다.
Barack Obama, the latest rotating imperator of the first global empire, will arrive in Lisbon on November 19 to receive the plaudits of 27 North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies and secure their continued fealty on issues ranging from the war in Afghanistan to a continental interceptor missile system, extended deployment of American tactical nuclear weapons in Europe, participation in the Pentagon’s cyber warfare plans and expanded military missions in the planet’s south and east.
지구에서 첫번째 세계 제국의 가장 최근에 현존하는 황제 바락 오바마가 북대서양 조약 기구(나토)의 27 동맹국들의 환호를 받고 아프가니스탄 전쟁으로부터 대륙 요격 미사일 시스템, 유럽에서 미 전술 적 핵무기들의 확산 배치, 미 펜타곤(국방부) 사이버 전쟁 계획들 참여, 그리고 행성의 남과 동의 확산된 군사 임무들에 이르는 이슈들에 대한 그들의 계속되는 충성을 확보하기 위해 11월 19일 리스본에 도착할 것이다.
Perfunctory discussions of minor details notwithstanding, strictly pro forma to maintain the myth of NATO being a “military alliance of democratic states in Europe and North America,” the banners and pennants of 26 European nations, Canada and dozens of other countries contributing troops for the Afghan mission will be lowered in the presence of the leader of the world imperium.
“유럽과 북미주 민주주의 국가들의 군사 동맹” 인 나토의 신화를 유지하기 위한 엄격한 형식상의 사소한 세부들에 대한 열의없는 토론들에도 불구, 아프간 미션에 군대를 후원한 26 유럽 국가들, 캐나다, 그리고 12개의 다른 국가들의 깃발과 작은 기들이 세계 절대 지배권의 지도자의 출석에 그 지위들을 낮출것이다.
No fewer than 38 European nations have supplied NATO troops for the Afghanistan-Pakistan war as well as providing training grounds and transport centers to support the war effort. As envisioned for at least a century, through peaceful means or otherwise, Europe has been united, not so much by the European Union as under the NATO flag and on the killing fields of Afghanistan. It is now relegated to the role of pre-deployment training area and forward operating base for military campaigns downrange: The Middle East, Africa and Asia.
적어도 38개의 유럽 국가들이 훈련장들과 수송 센터들을 제공하는 것과 마찬가지로 전쟁 노력을 지지하기 위해 아프가니스탄-파키스탄 전쟁을 위한 나토 군대를 공급해 왔다. 적어도 1 세기 동안 평화적인 수단들이나 또른 다른 식으로 구상되어왔던 것처럼 유럽은 유럽 연합 보단 나토의 깃발 아래서, 그리고 아프가니스탄 살인 전장에서 연합되었다. 그것은 현재 사전 배치 훈련 지역이나 군사 캠페인들 사정 지역의 전방 작전 기지의 역활로 격하되었다: 중동, 아프리카, 그리고 아시아.
So uncritically and unquestioningly compliant has Europe been in the above regards that Obama and the governing elite in the imperial metropolis as a whole have already looked beyond the continent for additional military partners. With the exception of fellow members of the NATO Quint – Britain, Germany, France and Italy (Britain more and Italy less than the others) – Alliance partners are accorded the same status and assigned the same functions as American territories like Puerto Rico, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands: Geopolitically convenient locations for live-fire military training and for troop, warplane and warship deployments.
너무도 무비판적으로 그리고 질문 없이 유순했던 위의 유럽은 제국의 중심지 전체의 오바마와 통치 엘리트들이 추가 군사 협력자들을 위하여 대륙 너머를 바라보고 있었다 간주한다. 나토의 패를 쥔 5개 국-영국, 독일, 프랑스, 그리고 이탤리 (영국은 다른 곳들보다 더 우위를, 이탤리는 다른 곳들보다도 상대적으로 약함)- 동맹 협력국들은 푸에르 토리코, 괌, 그리고 북마리아나 군도들같은 미국의 영토들처럼 같은 지위와 기능들이 수여된다: 실전 군사 훈련과 군대, 전쟁, 비행기들, 그리고 전함들의 배치를 위해 지리 정치학적으로 편안한 위치들.
Two millennia ago the Pax Romana of Augustus brought roads and ports, aqueducts and irrigation, amphitheaters and libraries, and Greek writers from Aristotle to Aeschylus to occupied territories. Bellum Americanum burdens its vassals and tributaries with military bases, interceptor missile batteries, McDonald’s and Lady Gaga.
2 천년전에 아우구스투스 [시저]의 로마의 지배에 의한 세계 평화는 점령된 영토들에 길들, 항구들, 수도교들, 관개, 원형 극장들, 그리고 도서관들과 아리스토텔레스로부터 에스킬루스에 이르는 그리스 작가들을 가져왔다. 전쟁의 나라 미국은 가신들과 속국들을 군사 기지들, 요격 미사일 배터리들, 맥도날드, 그리고 레이디 가가로 부담지운다.
In Lisbon Obama will chastise his NATO and NATO partnership auxiliaries and foederati, as is the prerogative and wont of the global suzerain and as his predecessor George W. Bush has done recently, for being chary of expending more blood and treasure for the war in Afghanistan. However, he will also display the magnanimity befitting his preeminent stature by patting his European satraps on their bowed heads and intoning, “Well done, good and faithful servants. You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things.”
오바마는 리스본에서 특권을 지니고 세계 종주로서 익숙해 있는 만큼 그의 나토와 나토 협력 보조들과 연합국들이 아프가니스탄의 전쟁에 더 많은 피와 보물을 지출하는 것에 신중한 것에 대해 그의 전임자 조지 W. 부쉬가 최근에 한 것처럼 그들을 혼낼 것이다. 그러나 그는 또한 유럽 태수들의 고개 숙인 머리를 가볍게 치며 "잘했네, 선하고 충성스러운 하인들이여. 자네들은 몇 가지 일들을 충성스럽게 해주었네. 나는 자네들이 많은 일들을 맡도록 하겠네,” 라고 영창함으로서 그의 발군의 지위에 적합한 관대함을 전시할 것이다.
With the European continent placed securely under the multi-circled Achilles shield of NATO, U.S. nuclear weapons, an interceptor missile system and a cyber warfare command, Washington is moving to realms as yet not completely subjugated.
유럽 대륙이 나토, 미국의 핵 무기들, 요격 미사일 시스템, 그리고 사이버 전쟁 사령부란 다국적으로 둘러싸인 아킬레스 방패 아래 안전하게 자리잡음에 따라, 워싱턴은 아직 완전히 정복되지 않은 영역들로 움직이고 있다.
Africa has been assigned to the three-year-old U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) and perhaps only five of the continent’s 54 nations – Eritrea, Libya, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sudan and Zimbabwe – have avoided becoming ensnared in bilateral military ties with the Pentagon and concomitant U.S-led military exercises and deployments.
아프리카는 3년된 미국 아프리카 사령부로 할당되었고 대륙의54개국들 중 아마도 5개 국가-에리트리아, 리비아, 샤라위 아랍 민주주의 공화국, 수단과 짐바브웨-만이 미국방부와의 양자 군사 유대들의 함정에 빠지는 것을 피했으며 미국이 주도하는 군사 연습들과 배치들에 부수되는 것을 피해왔다.
The U.S. has also expanded its military presence in the Middle East: Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and Yemen.
미국은 중동에서 그 군사 현존을 또한 확장해 왔다: 이라크, 이스라엘, 요르단, 쿠웨이트, 바레인, 오만, 카타르, 그리고 예멘.
Two years ago Washington reactivated its Fourth Fleet for the Caribbean Sea and Central and South America and last year’s coup in Honduras and this September’s attempted coup in Ecuador are proof that the U.S. will not allow developments in Latin America to pursue their natural course unimpeded.
워싱턴은 2년전에 카리브 해 중남부 아메리카에 자신의 네번째 함대를 재활성화시켰고 작년 온두라스의 쿠테타와 올 해 9월 에쿠아도르에서 시도된 쿠테타들은 미국이 라틴 아메리카 국가들이 자신들의 자연스러운 과정을 방해받지 않은체 진전들을 추구하는 것을 허락하지 않을 것임을 증명한다.
The U.S. has intensified efforts to forge and expand military alliances and deployments in the Asia-Pacific region, but there is still a small handful of countries there not willing to accept a subordinate role in American geostrategic designs. They are, to varying degrees and in differing manners, Russia, China, Iran, North Korea and Myanmar. Attempts to replicate the “color revolution” model used in former Soviet republics in Myanmar and Iran since 2007 have failed, “regime change” plans for North Korea are of another nature, and neither China nor Russia appears immediately susceptible to equivalents of the so-called Rose, Orange, Tulip and Twitter revolutions in Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova, respectively. The preferred technique being applied to Russia at the moment is cooption, though its success is not guaranteed as the U.S. and NATO military build-up around Russia’s borders continues unabated.
미국은 아시아 태평양 지역에서 군사 동맹들과 배치들을 다듬고 확장시키는 노력들을 고조해 왔으나 아직도 미국의 지리 전략적 구상들의 종속적 역활을 받아들이길 기꺼이 하려 하지 않는 한줌의 국가들이 있다. 그들은 다양한 정도들과 다른 태도들을 지니지만 러시아, 중국, 이란, 북한, 그리고 미얀마이다. 구 소련 연방 국가들에 사용되었던 “색깔 혁명 color revolution” 모델을 2007년 이래 미얀마와 이란에 복제 하기 위한 시도들은 실패했고 북한을 위한 “정권 교체” 계획들은 또다른 성격이며 중국도 러시아도 조지아, 우크라인, 크리지스탄, 그리고 몰도바 각각의 장미, 오렌지, 튤립, 그리고 트위터 혁명들과 비견할 만한 동등물들에 즉각적으로 민감할 것으로 보이지 않는다. 지금 러시아에 적용되는 선호되는 기술은 러시아의 경계들을 둘러싼 미국과 나토의 군사 증강이 약해지지 않는 것이 계속됨에 따라 그 성공이 보증되지 않음에도 불구, 러시아를 신임 회원으로 선출하는 것이다.
What’s left is the military expedient. In the first half of November the quadrivirate in charge of U.S. foreign policy – President Obama, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Michael Mullen – all toured the Asia-Pacific area. Collectively they visited ten nations there: India, Indonesia, South Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Tonga.
남은 것은 군사적인 편법이다. 11월의 상반기에 미국 외교 정책의 책임을 맡은 네 명의 조합-오바마 대통령, 미국무 장관, 힐러리 클린턴, 로버트 게이츠 국방 장관, 함참 해군 원수 마이클 멀렌- 이 모두가 아시아 태평양 지역을 여행했다. 그들은 모두 합쳐 10개국을 방문했다: 인도, 인도네시아, 남한, 베트남, 캄보디아, 말레이지아, 호주, 뉴질랜드, 파푸아 뉴기니아, 그리고 통가이다.
Clinton and Gates were in Malaysia at separate times and both joined Mullen on November 8 for the annual Australia-United States Ministerial (AUSMIN) meeting in Melbourne, where the U.S. military chief called the 21st century the “Pacific century.” [1]
클린턴과 게이츠는 다른 시간에 각각 말레이시아에 있었고 양자 모두 11월 8일 멜버른에서 있었던 연간 호주-미국 장관 회담에 멀렌과 같이 참여 했는데 그곳에서 그 군사 사령관은 21 세기를 “태평양 세기”라 불렀다. [1]
In India Obama secured what William Hartung, Director of the Arms and Security Initiative at the New America Foundation, estimated to be the sixth largest arms deal in U.S. history. [2]
인도에서 오바마는 ‘새로운 미국 재단’의 ‘군사 및 안보 구상’ 감독인 윌리암 하르퉁이 미국 역사상 6번째로 큰 무기 거래 로 평가한 무기 거래를 확보했다. [2]
In Australia, Gates and Mullen won a backroom arrangement to move U.S. military forces into several Australian bases.
호주에서, 게이츠와 멀렌은 서너개의 호주 기지들로 미국 군사력을 옮기는 밀실 합의를 따냈다.
While in New Zealand, Clinton in effect renewed the Australia, New Zealand, United States (ANZUS) Security Treaty as a full tripartite mutual defense pact after a 24-year hiatus in regard to her host country.
뉴질랜드에 있을 동안, 클린턴은 그를 맞은 주인 국가로서는 24년의 공백만에 호주(Australia), 뉴질랜드(New Zealand), 미국(United States) 의 ANZUS 방위 조약을 완전한 3자 상호 방위 조약으로 효력상 갱신했다.
On November 13 Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan “thanked the United States…for supporting Tokyo in a series of recent disputes with Russia and China” [3], an allusion to a statement by Clinton on October 27 that the U.S. would honor its military assistance commitment to Tokyo over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands dispute with China and her spokesman Philip Crowley’s affront to Russia five days afterward over the Kuril Islands, which he identified as Japanese territory. [4]
11월 13일, 일본 수상, 나오토 칸은 “일본이 러시아와 중국의 최근의 논쟁들 시리즈에서 일본을 지지한 것을 감사하게 여겼는데 [3] 그것은 토쿄의 중국과의 센카쿠/디아오유 군도 논쟁에서 토쿄에 대한 군사적 보조 사명감을 지키겠다는 클린터의 10월 27일 성명서와 5일 후 그녀의 대변인 필립 크롤리가 쿠릴 열도를 일본 영토로 특정하며 러시아를 모욕한 것에 대한 언급이다. [4]
In a tete-a-tete ahead of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Yokohama, the Japanese head of state “sought US President Barack Obama’s assurance on defence in the Asia-Pacific region,” as “Tokyo’s territorial disputes with China and Russia are becoming high priorities for Kan, who told Obama through a translator, ‘The US military presence is only becoming more important.’” [5]
“오바마에게 통역자를 통하여 ‘미국 군대의 현존은 중요해지고 있을 따름이다.’ 라고 말한 칸에게 토쿄의 중국과 러시아와의 영토 논쟁들이 최우선 의제가 됨에 따라, 요코하마에서 있었던 아시아 태평양 경제 협력 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 정상회담에서 일본 국가의 수상은 “미국 대통령 바락 오바마의 아시아 태평양 지역에서의 방어 보증을 구했다” [5]
Verbatim, Kan said:
축약해서 칸은 말했다.
“Japan and the United States, at this meeting of APEC, of pan-Pacific countries, we shall step up our cooperation. So we agreed on doing that. And in Japan’s relations with China and Russia, recently we’ve faced some problems, and the United States has supported Japan throughout, so I expressed my appreciation to him for that.
“우리 일본과 미국은 이 범 태평양 국가들의 아펙 회의에서의 회담에서 우리의 협력을 진전시킬 것이다. 그래서 우리는 그렇게 하기로 동의했다. 그리고 우리는 일본의 중국과 러시아의 관계들에서 최근에 몇 문제점들에 직면했으며 미국은 내내 일본을 지지하였고 나는 그것에 대한 나 [개인]의 감사를 표현했다.”
“For the peace and security of the countries in the region, the presence of the United States and the presence of the U.S. military I believe is becoming only increasingly important.” [6]
“내가 믿는 미국의 존재와 미국 군대의 존재는 지역 국가들의 평화와 안보를 위해 중요해지고 있을 따름이다.” [6]
In return, Obama “voiced support for Japan to become a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and reaffirmed the U.S.-Japan security alliance.”
그에 화답해 오바마는 “일본이 유엔 안전 보장 이사회의 영구 회원이 되는 것에 대한 지지의 목소리를 내었으며 미-일 안보 동맹을 재확인하였다.”
He also assured Kan that the U.S.-Japan alliance is “the cornerstone of American strategic engagement in the Asia Pacific” and “the commitment of the United States to the defense of Japan is unshakable.”
그는 또한 미-일 동맹은 “미국의 아태지역에서 전략적 참여의 초석”이 될 것이며 “일본 방위에 대한 미국의 사명감은 흔들리지 않을 거라” 확신시켰다.
According to a U.S. armed forces publication, “While Obama’s support for the continuing security alliance is no surprise, it comes amid tension in Japan over China’s…claims on territory in the East China and South China seas.” [7]
미국 군대 출판에 의하면, “오바마의 지속되는 안보 동맹에 대한 지지가 놀라움이 아닌 한편 그것은 동중국과 남중국 해의 영토에서 중국의 주장을 가지고 일본 내 긴장이 있는 와중에 왔다.” [7]
In less than five months the Pentagon has made its military presence felt throughout the Asia-Pacific area:
다섯달이 안돼 미 국방부는 아시아-태평양 지역을 통해 그 군사력을 느끼게 했다:
The U.S. Marine Corps and Navy participated in Exercise Crocodile 10 in East Timor (Timor-Leste) from June 19-26, which included “weapons firing skills, amphibious assault serials, jungle training, flying operations, and a helicopter raid on an abandoned prison” and provided “an opportunity for multi-national forces to work together in the planning and conduct of a complex military exercise.” [8]
미국 해병대와 해군은 6월 19일 부터 26일까지 이스트 티모르(티모르-레스떼) 에서 ‘악어10’ Crocodile 10) 연습에 참여했는데 그것은 “무기 발사 기술들, 수륙양용 공격 연속물들, 정글 훈련, 비행 작전들, 그리고 버려진 감옥위 헬리콥터 착륙”을 포함했고 “다국적 군사들이 복합적인 군사 연습의 계획과 행위에서 함께 작업하게 하는 기회를 제공했다.” [8]
In October of 2009 2,500 U.S. and Australian troops engaged in maneuvers in the country, which marked the first U.S.-East Timor joint military exercise.
2009년 10월, 2500 여명의 미국과 호주 군대들은 그 나라에서 기동 연습들에 참여했으며 그것은 첫번째 미국-이스트 티모르 합동 군사 연습을 기록했다.
This July the U.S. led the multinational Angkor Sentinel 2010 command post and field exercises in Cambodia with American forces and troops from the host nation, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mongolia and the Philippines.
미국은 올해 7월 캄보디아에서 미군들과 주최국 [캄보디아], 영국, 프랑스, 독일, 이탤리, 호주, 인도, 인도네시아, 일본, 몽골리아, 필리핀 군대들이 참여한 다국적 앙코르 감시 2010 (Angkor Sentinel 2010) 명령 기지 및 야외 훈련을 이끌었다.
For 40 days in late June and throughout July the U.S. led the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2010 war games in the Pacific Ocean off Hawaii with 32 ships, five submarines, more than 170 planes and 20,000 troops from all four branches of the American armed forces and from Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Peru, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand.
6월 말부터 7월 내내 40일 간, 미국은 하와이 근해에서 미국 군대의 모든 네 부서, 호주, 캐나다, 칠레, 콜롬비아, 프랑스, 말레이시아, 네델란드, 페루, 남한, 싱가포르, 그리고 태국으로부터 32개의 군함들, 5개의 잠수함들, 170 여개 이상의 비행기들, 그리고 2만 군대를 지니고 환태평양 훈련 2010 (Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2010) 전쟁 게임들을 이끌었다.
Rim of the Pacific 2010 환태평양 훈련 2010
From July 25-28 the U.S. conducted joint war games with South Korea, codenamed Invincible Spirit, in the Sea of Japan/East Sea with the involvement of 20 warships including the nuclear-powered supercarrier USS George Washington, 200 warplanes including F-22 Raptor stealth fighters, and 8,000 troops.
미국은 일본해/동해에서 7월 25일부터 28일까지 핵항공 모함 조지 워싱턴을 포함한 20전함들, 200 전쟁 비행기들, F-22 랩터 스틸쓰 전투기들, 그리고 8000 군대들과 함께 코드 이름 ’불굴의 의지 (Invincible Spirit)’이라 불리는 합동 전쟁 게임을 시행했다.
Invincible Spirit 불굴의 의지
The next month U.S. Pacific Command and U.S. Army Pacific presided over the Khaan Quest 2010 military exercise in Mongolia. In the same month American and British troops ran the Steppe Eagle 2010 NATO Partnership for Peace exercise in Kazakhstan.
그 다음달 미국 태평양 사령부와 미국 태평양 군대는 몽골리아에서 칸 퀘스트 2010 (Khaan Quest 2010) 군사 훈련을 통솔했다. 같은달, 미국과 영국 군대들은 카자흐스탄에서 초원의 독수리 2010 (Steppe Eagle 2010) ‘평화를 위한 나토 협력’을 전개했다.
USS George Washington and the USS John S. McCain destroyer led the first-ever joint U.S.-Vietnam military exercise, consisting of naval maneuvers in the South China Sea, in early August.
8월 초 [핵항공 모함] 조지 워싱턴과 존 맥케인 구축함이 해군 기동 연습들을 구성 요소들로 하며 사상 처음 남중국해에서 미-베트남 군사 연습을 이끌었다.
Less than a week later the U.S. and South Korea began this year’s Ulchi Freedom Guardian military exercise in the latter country with 30,000 U.S. and 50,000 South Korean troops participating. [9]
그 후 일주일도 안돼 미국과 남한은 후자에서 3만 미군과 5만 남한 군대가 참여한 가운데 올해의 을지 프리덤 가디안 군사 연습을 시작했다. [9]
In early September Washington and Seoul held an anti-submarine warfare exercise in the Yellow Sea.
9월 초 워싱턴과 서울은 황해에서 대잠 전쟁 훈련을 벌였다.
At the end of the same month Indian troops joined U.S. marines and sailors in Exercise Habu Nag 2010, the fifth annual bilateral U.S.-India amphibious training exercise with that codename, in the East China Sea off the coast of Okinawa.
같은 달 말, 인도 군대들은 오키나와 연안 동중국해에서 열린 5번째 연간 미국-인도 양국 수륙 양용 연습 훈련, 하부 나그 2010 (Habu Nag 2010) 를 위해 미군 해병들과 선원들에 합류했다.
In October at least 3,000 U.S. troops participated in the nine-day Amphibious Landing Exercise 2011 in the Philippines. “The bilateral training exercise, conducted with the Armed Forces of the Philippines, is designed to improve interoperability, increase readiness and continue to build professional relationships between the two countries.” [10]
10월, 적어도 3천 미국 군대가 필리핀에서 열린 9일간 수륙 양용 연습에 참여했다. “필리핀 군대와 시행한 양국 연습 훈련은 상호 운용을 개선하고 준비성을 증가시키고 양국간의 전문적 관계들을 계속 쌓기 위해 고안되었다.” [10]
At the beginning of the same month U.S. warships and troops joined 6,000 Australian soldiers and counterparts from New Zealand for Exercise Hamel in northeast Australia, described in the local press as “massive war games.” [11]
같은달 초기, 미국 전함들과 군함들은 6천 호주 군인들과 뉴질랜드 군인들과 함께 지역 신문에 “거대한 전쟁 게임들”이라 묘사된 호주 북동쪽에서 열린 하멜 연습에 참여 했다. [11]
Also in October, South Korea for the first time hosted a multinational military exercise with 14 members of the U.S.-created Proliferation Security Initiative, which included ships and military personnel from the U.S., Canada, France, Australia and Japan.
또한 10월에 남한은 사상 처음 미국이 만들어낸 안보 확산 구상의 14개 회원국들과 함께 다국적 군사 연습을 주최했는데 미국, 캐니다, 프랑스, 호주, 일본의 군함들과 개인들이 포함되었다.
U.S. marines “conducted urban training exercises” in Singapore on November 6. A Marine Corps lieutenant present “gave a short class on identifying danger areas in a combat environment” and “talked about isolating them by sight, or suppressive fire, and the importance of gaining footholds in enemy territories.” [12]
미 해병대들은 11월 6일 싱가포르에서 “도심 훈련 연습”을 시행했다. 한 해병대 대위의 강연은 “전투 환경에서 위험 지역들을 특정하는 짧은 수업을 보였고 “시각에 의해 그것들을 고립시키고 적들의 영토들에서 근거지들을 얻는 것의 중요성에 대해 말하였다.
On November 14 the U.S. and Indian armies completed the 14-day Yudh Abhyas 2010 military exercise in Alaska. Last year’s Yudh Abhyas featured the largest U.S.-India joint military maneuvers ever held.
Opening ceremony of Yudh Abhyas 2010 유드 압햐스 2010 의 개막식
11월 14일, 미국과 인도 군대들은 알래스카에서 14일 간 유드 압햐스 2010 군사 훈련을 마쳤다. 작년의 유드 압햐스는 사상 처음 가장 큰 미국-인도 군사 기동 연습이 특징이었다.
100,000 American and another 50,000 NATO troops are fighting in the tenth year of their collective war in Afghanistan. The U.S. is escalating deadly drone missile strikes and NATO is increasing helicopter gunship raids in Pakistan.
10만 미국 군대들과 5만 나토 군대들이 아프가니스탄에서의 그들의 10년째되는 합동 전쟁에서 싸우고 있다. 미국은 치명적인 무인 미사일 공격들을 급증시키고 나토는 파키스탄에서 치명적인 무장 헬리콥터 공격들을 증가시키고 있다.
The Pentagon has indeed marked this as its Asia-Pacific century.
미 국방부는 실제 이것을 미 국방부의 아시아-태평양 세기로 기록했다.
...........................................................................................................
1) U.S. Department of Defense, November 7, 2010
2) Business Insider, November 6, 2010
http://www.businessinsider.com/top-10-us-arms-deals-in-history-2010-11
….
Obama, Gates And Clinton In Asia: U.S. Expands Military Build-Up In The East
Stop NATO, November 7, 2010
http://rickrozoff.wordpress.com/2010/11/07/obama-gates-and-clinton-in-asia-u-s-expands-military-build-up-in-the-east
3) Russian Information Agency Novosti, November 13, 2010
4) U.S. Supports Japan, Confronts China And Russia Over Island Disputes
Stop NATO, November 4, 2010
http://rickrozoff.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/u-s-supports-japan-confronts-china-and-russia-over-island-disputes
5) Deutsche Presse-Agentur, November 13, 2010
6) The White House, November 13, 2010
Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Kan of Japan in
Statements to the Press in Yokohama, Japan
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/13/remarks-president-obama-and-prime-minister-kan-japan-statements-press-yo
7) Stars and Stripes, November 14, 2010
8) Australian Government
Department of Defence
June 24, 2010
9) U.S.-China Crisis: Beyond Words To Confrontation
Stop NATO, August 17, 2010
http://rickrozoff.wordpress.com/2010/08/17/part-ii-u-s-china-crisis-beyond-words-toward-confrontation
10) U.S. Marine Corps, October 22, 2010
11) Australian Broadcasting Company, October 4, 2010
12) U.S. Marine Corps, November 9, 2010
Also in Stop NATO스탑 나토
and Global Research글로벌 리서치
After NATO Summit, U. S. To Intensify Military Drive Into Asia
나토 정상 회담 이후 미국, 아시아로 군사화 추진 고조할 것
November 17, 2010
2010년 11월 17일
Rick Rozoff
릭 로조프
* All the image sources and captions come from the link.
* 모든 이미지 소스들과 이미지 설명문들은 링크에서 옵니다.
Barack Obama, the latest rotating imperator of the first global empire, will arrive in Lisbon on November 19 to receive the plaudits of 27 North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies and secure their continued fealty on issues ranging from the war in Afghanistan to a continental interceptor missile system, extended deployment of American tactical nuclear weapons in Europe, participation in the Pentagon’s cyber warfare plans and expanded military missions in the planet’s south and east.
지구에서 첫번째 세계 제국의 가장 최근에 현존하는 황제 바락 오바마가 북대서양 조약 기구(나토)의 27 동맹국들의 환호를 받고 아프가니스탄 전쟁으로부터 대륙 요격 미사일 시스템, 유럽에서 미 전술 적 핵무기들의 확산 배치, 미 펜타곤(국방부) 사이버 전쟁 계획들 참여, 그리고 행성의 남과 동의 확산된 군사 임무들에 이르는 이슈들에 대한 그들의 계속되는 충성을 확보하기 위해 11월 19일 리스본에 도착할 것이다.
Perfunctory discussions of minor details notwithstanding, strictly pro forma to maintain the myth of NATO being a “military alliance of democratic states in Europe and North America,” the banners and pennants of 26 European nations, Canada and dozens of other countries contributing troops for the Afghan mission will be lowered in the presence of the leader of the world imperium.
“유럽과 북미주 민주주의 국가들의 군사 동맹” 인 나토의 신화를 유지하기 위한 엄격한 형식상의 사소한 세부들에 대한 열의없는 토론들에도 불구, 아프간 미션에 군대를 후원한 26 유럽 국가들, 캐나다, 그리고 12개의 다른 국가들의 깃발과 작은 기들이 세계 절대 지배권의 지도자의 출석에 그 지위들을 낮출것이다.
No fewer than 38 European nations have supplied NATO troops for the Afghanistan-Pakistan war as well as providing training grounds and transport centers to support the war effort. As envisioned for at least a century, through peaceful means or otherwise, Europe has been united, not so much by the European Union as under the NATO flag and on the killing fields of Afghanistan. It is now relegated to the role of pre-deployment training area and forward operating base for military campaigns downrange: The Middle East, Africa and Asia.
적어도 38개의 유럽 국가들이 훈련장들과 수송 센터들을 제공하는 것과 마찬가지로 전쟁 노력을 지지하기 위해 아프가니스탄-파키스탄 전쟁을 위한 나토 군대를 공급해 왔다. 적어도 1 세기 동안 평화적인 수단들이나 또른 다른 식으로 구상되어왔던 것처럼 유럽은 유럽 연합 보단 나토의 깃발 아래서, 그리고 아프가니스탄 살인 전장에서 연합되었다. 그것은 현재 사전 배치 훈련 지역이나 군사 캠페인들 사정 지역의 전방 작전 기지의 역활로 격하되었다: 중동, 아프리카, 그리고 아시아.
So uncritically and unquestioningly compliant has Europe been in the above regards that Obama and the governing elite in the imperial metropolis as a whole have already looked beyond the continent for additional military partners. With the exception of fellow members of the NATO Quint – Britain, Germany, France and Italy (Britain more and Italy less than the others) – Alliance partners are accorded the same status and assigned the same functions as American territories like Puerto Rico, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands: Geopolitically convenient locations for live-fire military training and for troop, warplane and warship deployments.
너무도 무비판적으로 그리고 질문 없이 유순했던 위의 유럽은 제국의 중심지 전체의 오바마와 통치 엘리트들이 추가 군사 협력자들을 위하여 대륙 너머를 바라보고 있었다 간주한다. 나토의 패를 쥔 5개 국-영국, 독일, 프랑스, 그리고 이탤리 (영국은 다른 곳들보다 더 우위를, 이탤리는 다른 곳들보다도 상대적으로 약함)- 동맹 협력국들은 푸에르 토리코, 괌, 그리고 북마리아나 군도들같은 미국의 영토들처럼 같은 지위와 기능들이 수여된다: 실전 군사 훈련과 군대, 전쟁, 비행기들, 그리고 전함들의 배치를 위해 지리 정치학적으로 편안한 위치들.
Two millennia ago the Pax Romana of Augustus brought roads and ports, aqueducts and irrigation, amphitheaters and libraries, and Greek writers from Aristotle to Aeschylus to occupied territories. Bellum Americanum burdens its vassals and tributaries with military bases, interceptor missile batteries, McDonald’s and Lady Gaga.
2 천년전에 아우구스투스 [시저]의 로마의 지배에 의한 세계 평화는 점령된 영토들에 길들, 항구들, 수도교들, 관개, 원형 극장들, 그리고 도서관들과 아리스토텔레스로부터 에스킬루스에 이르는 그리스 작가들을 가져왔다. 전쟁의 나라 미국은 가신들과 속국들을 군사 기지들, 요격 미사일 배터리들, 맥도날드, 그리고 레이디 가가로 부담지운다.
In Lisbon Obama will chastise his NATO and NATO partnership auxiliaries and foederati, as is the prerogative and wont of the global suzerain and as his predecessor George W. Bush has done recently, for being chary of expending more blood and treasure for the war in Afghanistan. However, he will also display the magnanimity befitting his preeminent stature by patting his European satraps on their bowed heads and intoning, “Well done, good and faithful servants. You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things.”
오바마는 리스본에서 특권을 지니고 세계 종주로서 익숙해 있는 만큼 그의 나토와 나토 협력 보조들과 연합국들이 아프가니스탄의 전쟁에 더 많은 피와 보물을 지출하는 것에 신중한 것에 대해 그의 전임자 조지 W. 부쉬가 최근에 한 것처럼 그들을 혼낼 것이다. 그러나 그는 또한 유럽 태수들의 고개 숙인 머리를 가볍게 치며 "잘했네, 선하고 충성스러운 하인들이여. 자네들은 몇 가지 일들을 충성스럽게 해주었네. 나는 자네들이 많은 일들을 맡도록 하겠네,” 라고 영창함으로서 그의 발군의 지위에 적합한 관대함을 전시할 것이다.
With the European continent placed securely under the multi-circled Achilles shield of NATO, U.S. nuclear weapons, an interceptor missile system and a cyber warfare command, Washington is moving to realms as yet not completely subjugated.
유럽 대륙이 나토, 미국의 핵 무기들, 요격 미사일 시스템, 그리고 사이버 전쟁 사령부란 다국적으로 둘러싸인 아킬레스 방패 아래 안전하게 자리잡음에 따라, 워싱턴은 아직 완전히 정복되지 않은 영역들로 움직이고 있다.
Africa has been assigned to the three-year-old U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) and perhaps only five of the continent’s 54 nations – Eritrea, Libya, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sudan and Zimbabwe – have avoided becoming ensnared in bilateral military ties with the Pentagon and concomitant U.S-led military exercises and deployments.
아프리카는 3년된 미국 아프리카 사령부로 할당되었고 대륙의54개국들 중 아마도 5개 국가-에리트리아, 리비아, 샤라위 아랍 민주주의 공화국, 수단과 짐바브웨-만이 미국방부와의 양자 군사 유대들의 함정에 빠지는 것을 피했으며 미국이 주도하는 군사 연습들과 배치들에 부수되는 것을 피해왔다.
The U.S. has also expanded its military presence in the Middle East: Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and Yemen.
미국은 중동에서 그 군사 현존을 또한 확장해 왔다: 이라크, 이스라엘, 요르단, 쿠웨이트, 바레인, 오만, 카타르, 그리고 예멘.
Two years ago Washington reactivated its Fourth Fleet for the Caribbean Sea and Central and South America and last year’s coup in Honduras and this September’s attempted coup in Ecuador are proof that the U.S. will not allow developments in Latin America to pursue their natural course unimpeded.
워싱턴은 2년전에 카리브 해 중남부 아메리카에 자신의 네번째 함대를 재활성화시켰고 작년 온두라스의 쿠테타와 올 해 9월 에쿠아도르에서 시도된 쿠테타들은 미국이 라틴 아메리카 국가들이 자신들의 자연스러운 과정을 방해받지 않은체 진전들을 추구하는 것을 허락하지 않을 것임을 증명한다.
The U.S. has intensified efforts to forge and expand military alliances and deployments in the Asia-Pacific region, but there is still a small handful of countries there not willing to accept a subordinate role in American geostrategic designs. They are, to varying degrees and in differing manners, Russia, China, Iran, North Korea and Myanmar. Attempts to replicate the “color revolution” model used in former Soviet republics in Myanmar and Iran since 2007 have failed, “regime change” plans for North Korea are of another nature, and neither China nor Russia appears immediately susceptible to equivalents of the so-called Rose, Orange, Tulip and Twitter revolutions in Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova, respectively. The preferred technique being applied to Russia at the moment is cooption, though its success is not guaranteed as the U.S. and NATO military build-up around Russia’s borders continues unabated.
미국은 아시아 태평양 지역에서 군사 동맹들과 배치들을 다듬고 확장시키는 노력들을 고조해 왔으나 아직도 미국의 지리 전략적 구상들의 종속적 역활을 받아들이길 기꺼이 하려 하지 않는 한줌의 국가들이 있다. 그들은 다양한 정도들과 다른 태도들을 지니지만 러시아, 중국, 이란, 북한, 그리고 미얀마이다. 구 소련 연방 국가들에 사용되었던 “색깔 혁명 color revolution” 모델을 2007년 이래 미얀마와 이란에 복제 하기 위한 시도들은 실패했고 북한을 위한 “정권 교체” 계획들은 또다른 성격이며 중국도 러시아도 조지아, 우크라인, 크리지스탄, 그리고 몰도바 각각의 장미, 오렌지, 튤립, 그리고 트위터 혁명들과 비견할 만한 동등물들에 즉각적으로 민감할 것으로 보이지 않는다. 지금 러시아에 적용되는 선호되는 기술은 러시아의 경계들을 둘러싼 미국과 나토의 군사 증강이 약해지지 않는 것이 계속됨에 따라 그 성공이 보증되지 않음에도 불구, 러시아를 신임 회원으로 선출하는 것이다.
What’s left is the military expedient. In the first half of November the quadrivirate in charge of U.S. foreign policy – President Obama, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Michael Mullen – all toured the Asia-Pacific area. Collectively they visited ten nations there: India, Indonesia, South Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Tonga.
남은 것은 군사적인 편법이다. 11월의 상반기에 미국 외교 정책의 책임을 맡은 네 명의 조합-오바마 대통령, 미국무 장관, 힐러리 클린턴, 로버트 게이츠 국방 장관, 함참 해군 원수 마이클 멀렌- 이 모두가 아시아 태평양 지역을 여행했다. 그들은 모두 합쳐 10개국을 방문했다: 인도, 인도네시아, 남한, 베트남, 캄보디아, 말레이지아, 호주, 뉴질랜드, 파푸아 뉴기니아, 그리고 통가이다.
Clinton and Gates were in Malaysia at separate times and both joined Mullen on November 8 for the annual Australia-United States Ministerial (AUSMIN) meeting in Melbourne, where the U.S. military chief called the 21st century the “Pacific century.” [1]
클린턴과 게이츠는 다른 시간에 각각 말레이시아에 있었고 양자 모두 11월 8일 멜버른에서 있었던 연간 호주-미국 장관 회담에 멀렌과 같이 참여 했는데 그곳에서 그 군사 사령관은 21 세기를 “태평양 세기”라 불렀다. [1]
In India Obama secured what William Hartung, Director of the Arms and Security Initiative at the New America Foundation, estimated to be the sixth largest arms deal in U.S. history. [2]
인도에서 오바마는 ‘새로운 미국 재단’의 ‘군사 및 안보 구상’ 감독인 윌리암 하르퉁이 미국 역사상 6번째로 큰 무기 거래 로 평가한 무기 거래를 확보했다. [2]
In Australia, Gates and Mullen won a backroom arrangement to move U.S. military forces into several Australian bases.
호주에서, 게이츠와 멀렌은 서너개의 호주 기지들로 미국 군사력을 옮기는 밀실 합의를 따냈다.
While in New Zealand, Clinton in effect renewed the Australia, New Zealand, United States (ANZUS) Security Treaty as a full tripartite mutual defense pact after a 24-year hiatus in regard to her host country.
뉴질랜드에 있을 동안, 클린턴은 그를 맞은 주인 국가로서는 24년의 공백만에 호주(Australia), 뉴질랜드(New Zealand), 미국(United States) 의 ANZUS 방위 조약을 완전한 3자 상호 방위 조약으로 효력상 갱신했다.
On November 13 Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan “thanked the United States…for supporting Tokyo in a series of recent disputes with Russia and China” [3], an allusion to a statement by Clinton on October 27 that the U.S. would honor its military assistance commitment to Tokyo over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands dispute with China and her spokesman Philip Crowley’s affront to Russia five days afterward over the Kuril Islands, which he identified as Japanese territory. [4]
11월 13일, 일본 수상, 나오토 칸은 “일본이 러시아와 중국의 최근의 논쟁들 시리즈에서 일본을 지지한 것을 감사하게 여겼는데 [3] 그것은 토쿄의 중국과의 센카쿠/디아오유 군도 논쟁에서 토쿄에 대한 군사적 보조 사명감을 지키겠다는 클린터의 10월 27일 성명서와 5일 후 그녀의 대변인 필립 크롤리가 쿠릴 열도를 일본 영토로 특정하며 러시아를 모욕한 것에 대한 언급이다. [4]
In a tete-a-tete ahead of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Yokohama, the Japanese head of state “sought US President Barack Obama’s assurance on defence in the Asia-Pacific region,” as “Tokyo’s territorial disputes with China and Russia are becoming high priorities for Kan, who told Obama through a translator, ‘The US military presence is only becoming more important.’” [5]
“오바마에게 통역자를 통하여 ‘미국 군대의 현존은 중요해지고 있을 따름이다.’ 라고 말한 칸에게 토쿄의 중국과 러시아와의 영토 논쟁들이 최우선 의제가 됨에 따라, 요코하마에서 있었던 아시아 태평양 경제 협력 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 정상회담에서 일본 국가의 수상은 “미국 대통령 바락 오바마의 아시아 태평양 지역에서의 방어 보증을 구했다” [5]
Verbatim, Kan said:
축약해서 칸은 말했다.
“Japan and the United States, at this meeting of APEC, of pan-Pacific countries, we shall step up our cooperation. So we agreed on doing that. And in Japan’s relations with China and Russia, recently we’ve faced some problems, and the United States has supported Japan throughout, so I expressed my appreciation to him for that.
“우리 일본과 미국은 이 범 태평양 국가들의 아펙 회의에서의 회담에서 우리의 협력을 진전시킬 것이다. 그래서 우리는 그렇게 하기로 동의했다. 그리고 우리는 일본의 중국과 러시아의 관계들에서 최근에 몇 문제점들에 직면했으며 미국은 내내 일본을 지지하였고 나는 그것에 대한 나 [개인]의 감사를 표현했다.”
“For the peace and security of the countries in the region, the presence of the United States and the presence of the U.S. military I believe is becoming only increasingly important.” [6]
“내가 믿는 미국의 존재와 미국 군대의 존재는 지역 국가들의 평화와 안보를 위해 중요해지고 있을 따름이다.” [6]
In return, Obama “voiced support for Japan to become a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and reaffirmed the U.S.-Japan security alliance.”
그에 화답해 오바마는 “일본이 유엔 안전 보장 이사회의 영구 회원이 되는 것에 대한 지지의 목소리를 내었으며 미-일 안보 동맹을 재확인하였다.”
He also assured Kan that the U.S.-Japan alliance is “the cornerstone of American strategic engagement in the Asia Pacific” and “the commitment of the United States to the defense of Japan is unshakable.”
그는 또한 미-일 동맹은 “미국의 아태지역에서 전략적 참여의 초석”이 될 것이며 “일본 방위에 대한 미국의 사명감은 흔들리지 않을 거라” 확신시켰다.
According to a U.S. armed forces publication, “While Obama’s support for the continuing security alliance is no surprise, it comes amid tension in Japan over China’s…claims on territory in the East China and South China seas.” [7]
미국 군대 출판에 의하면, “오바마의 지속되는 안보 동맹에 대한 지지가 놀라움이 아닌 한편 그것은 동중국과 남중국 해의 영토에서 중국의 주장을 가지고 일본 내 긴장이 있는 와중에 왔다.” [7]
In less than five months the Pentagon has made its military presence felt throughout the Asia-Pacific area:
다섯달이 안돼 미 국방부는 아시아-태평양 지역을 통해 그 군사력을 느끼게 했다:
The U.S. Marine Corps and Navy participated in Exercise Crocodile 10 in East Timor (Timor-Leste) from June 19-26, which included “weapons firing skills, amphibious assault serials, jungle training, flying operations, and a helicopter raid on an abandoned prison” and provided “an opportunity for multi-national forces to work together in the planning and conduct of a complex military exercise.” [8]
미국 해병대와 해군은 6월 19일 부터 26일까지 이스트 티모르(티모르-레스떼) 에서 ‘악어10’ Crocodile 10) 연습에 참여했는데 그것은 “무기 발사 기술들, 수륙양용 공격 연속물들, 정글 훈련, 비행 작전들, 그리고 버려진 감옥위 헬리콥터 착륙”을 포함했고 “다국적 군사들이 복합적인 군사 연습의 계획과 행위에서 함께 작업하게 하는 기회를 제공했다.” [8]
In October of 2009 2,500 U.S. and Australian troops engaged in maneuvers in the country, which marked the first U.S.-East Timor joint military exercise.
2009년 10월, 2500 여명의 미국과 호주 군대들은 그 나라에서 기동 연습들에 참여했으며 그것은 첫번째 미국-이스트 티모르 합동 군사 연습을 기록했다.
This July the U.S. led the multinational Angkor Sentinel 2010 command post and field exercises in Cambodia with American forces and troops from the host nation, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mongolia and the Philippines.
미국은 올해 7월 캄보디아에서 미군들과 주최국 [캄보디아], 영국, 프랑스, 독일, 이탤리, 호주, 인도, 인도네시아, 일본, 몽골리아, 필리핀 군대들이 참여한 다국적 앙코르 감시 2010 (Angkor Sentinel 2010) 명령 기지 및 야외 훈련을 이끌었다.
For 40 days in late June and throughout July the U.S. led the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2010 war games in the Pacific Ocean off Hawaii with 32 ships, five submarines, more than 170 planes and 20,000 troops from all four branches of the American armed forces and from Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Peru, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand.
6월 말부터 7월 내내 40일 간, 미국은 하와이 근해에서 미국 군대의 모든 네 부서, 호주, 캐나다, 칠레, 콜롬비아, 프랑스, 말레이시아, 네델란드, 페루, 남한, 싱가포르, 그리고 태국으로부터 32개의 군함들, 5개의 잠수함들, 170 여개 이상의 비행기들, 그리고 2만 군대를 지니고 환태평양 훈련 2010 (Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) 2010) 전쟁 게임들을 이끌었다.
Rim of the Pacific 2010 환태평양 훈련 2010From July 25-28 the U.S. conducted joint war games with South Korea, codenamed Invincible Spirit, in the Sea of Japan/East Sea with the involvement of 20 warships including the nuclear-powered supercarrier USS George Washington, 200 warplanes including F-22 Raptor stealth fighters, and 8,000 troops.
미국은 일본해/동해에서 7월 25일부터 28일까지 핵항공 모함 조지 워싱턴을 포함한 20전함들, 200 전쟁 비행기들, F-22 랩터 스틸쓰 전투기들, 그리고 8000 군대들과 함께 코드 이름 ’불굴의 의지 (Invincible Spirit)’이라 불리는 합동 전쟁 게임을 시행했다.
Invincible Spirit 불굴의 의지The next month U.S. Pacific Command and U.S. Army Pacific presided over the Khaan Quest 2010 military exercise in Mongolia. In the same month American and British troops ran the Steppe Eagle 2010 NATO Partnership for Peace exercise in Kazakhstan.
그 다음달 미국 태평양 사령부와 미국 태평양 군대는 몽골리아에서 칸 퀘스트 2010 (Khaan Quest 2010) 군사 훈련을 통솔했다. 같은달, 미국과 영국 군대들은 카자흐스탄에서 초원의 독수리 2010 (Steppe Eagle 2010) ‘평화를 위한 나토 협력’을 전개했다.
USS George Washington and the USS John S. McCain destroyer led the first-ever joint U.S.-Vietnam military exercise, consisting of naval maneuvers in the South China Sea, in early August.
8월 초 [핵항공 모함] 조지 워싱턴과 존 맥케인 구축함이 해군 기동 연습들을 구성 요소들로 하며 사상 처음 남중국해에서 미-베트남 군사 연습을 이끌었다.
Less than a week later the U.S. and South Korea began this year’s Ulchi Freedom Guardian military exercise in the latter country with 30,000 U.S. and 50,000 South Korean troops participating. [9]
그 후 일주일도 안돼 미국과 남한은 후자에서 3만 미군과 5만 남한 군대가 참여한 가운데 올해의 을지 프리덤 가디안 군사 연습을 시작했다. [9]
In early September Washington and Seoul held an anti-submarine warfare exercise in the Yellow Sea.
9월 초 워싱턴과 서울은 황해에서 대잠 전쟁 훈련을 벌였다.
At the end of the same month Indian troops joined U.S. marines and sailors in Exercise Habu Nag 2010, the fifth annual bilateral U.S.-India amphibious training exercise with that codename, in the East China Sea off the coast of Okinawa.
같은 달 말, 인도 군대들은 오키나와 연안 동중국해에서 열린 5번째 연간 미국-인도 양국 수륙 양용 연습 훈련, 하부 나그 2010 (Habu Nag 2010) 를 위해 미군 해병들과 선원들에 합류했다.
In October at least 3,000 U.S. troops participated in the nine-day Amphibious Landing Exercise 2011 in the Philippines. “The bilateral training exercise, conducted with the Armed Forces of the Philippines, is designed to improve interoperability, increase readiness and continue to build professional relationships between the two countries.” [10]
10월, 적어도 3천 미국 군대가 필리핀에서 열린 9일간 수륙 양용 연습에 참여했다. “필리핀 군대와 시행한 양국 연습 훈련은 상호 운용을 개선하고 준비성을 증가시키고 양국간의 전문적 관계들을 계속 쌓기 위해 고안되었다.” [10]
At the beginning of the same month U.S. warships and troops joined 6,000 Australian soldiers and counterparts from New Zealand for Exercise Hamel in northeast Australia, described in the local press as “massive war games.” [11]
같은달 초기, 미국 전함들과 군함들은 6천 호주 군인들과 뉴질랜드 군인들과 함께 지역 신문에 “거대한 전쟁 게임들”이라 묘사된 호주 북동쪽에서 열린 하멜 연습에 참여 했다. [11]
Also in October, South Korea for the first time hosted a multinational military exercise with 14 members of the U.S.-created Proliferation Security Initiative, which included ships and military personnel from the U.S., Canada, France, Australia and Japan.
또한 10월에 남한은 사상 처음 미국이 만들어낸 안보 확산 구상의 14개 회원국들과 함께 다국적 군사 연습을 주최했는데 미국, 캐니다, 프랑스, 호주, 일본의 군함들과 개인들이 포함되었다.
U.S. marines “conducted urban training exercises” in Singapore on November 6. A Marine Corps lieutenant present “gave a short class on identifying danger areas in a combat environment” and “talked about isolating them by sight, or suppressive fire, and the importance of gaining footholds in enemy territories.” [12]
미 해병대들은 11월 6일 싱가포르에서 “도심 훈련 연습”을 시행했다. 한 해병대 대위의 강연은 “전투 환경에서 위험 지역들을 특정하는 짧은 수업을 보였고 “시각에 의해 그것들을 고립시키고 적들의 영토들에서 근거지들을 얻는 것의 중요성에 대해 말하였다.
On November 14 the U.S. and Indian armies completed the 14-day Yudh Abhyas 2010 military exercise in Alaska. Last year’s Yudh Abhyas featured the largest U.S.-India joint military maneuvers ever held.
Opening ceremony of Yudh Abhyas 2010 유드 압햐스 2010 의 개막식11월 14일, 미국과 인도 군대들은 알래스카에서 14일 간 유드 압햐스 2010 군사 훈련을 마쳤다. 작년의 유드 압햐스는 사상 처음 가장 큰 미국-인도 군사 기동 연습이 특징이었다.
100,000 American and another 50,000 NATO troops are fighting in the tenth year of their collective war in Afghanistan. The U.S. is escalating deadly drone missile strikes and NATO is increasing helicopter gunship raids in Pakistan.
10만 미국 군대들과 5만 나토 군대들이 아프가니스탄에서의 그들의 10년째되는 합동 전쟁에서 싸우고 있다. 미국은 치명적인 무인 미사일 공격들을 급증시키고 나토는 파키스탄에서 치명적인 무장 헬리콥터 공격들을 증가시키고 있다.
The Pentagon has indeed marked this as its Asia-Pacific century.
미 국방부는 실제 이것을 미 국방부의 아시아-태평양 세기로 기록했다.
...........................................................................................................
1) U.S. Department of Defense, November 7, 2010
2) Business Insider, November 6, 2010
http://www.businessinsider.com/top-10-us-arms-deals-in-history-2010-11
….
Obama, Gates And Clinton In Asia: U.S. Expands Military Build-Up In The East
Stop NATO, November 7, 2010
http://rickrozoff.wordpress.com/2010/11/07/obama-gates-and-clinton-in-asia-u-s-expands-military-build-up-in-the-east
3) Russian Information Agency Novosti, November 13, 2010
4) U.S. Supports Japan, Confronts China And Russia Over Island Disputes
Stop NATO, November 4, 2010
http://rickrozoff.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/u-s-supports-japan-confronts-china-and-russia-over-island-disputes
5) Deutsche Presse-Agentur, November 13, 2010
6) The White House, November 13, 2010
Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Kan of Japan in
Statements to the Press in Yokohama, Japan
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/13/remarks-president-obama-and-prime-minister-kan-japan-statements-press-yo
7) Stars and Stripes, November 14, 2010
8) Australian Government
Department of Defence
June 24, 2010
9) U.S.-China Crisis: Beyond Words To Confrontation
Stop NATO, August 17, 2010
http://rickrozoff.wordpress.com/2010/08/17/part-ii-u-s-china-crisis-beyond-words-toward-confrontation
10) U.S. Marine Corps, October 22, 2010
11) Australian Broadcasting Company, October 4, 2010
12) U.S. Marine Corps, November 9, 2010
Saturday, November 13, 2010
Text Fwd: [ROBERT D. KAPLAN] Obama Takes Asia by Sea 미 극우 인사 카플란 말하길, 오바마는 바다에서 아시아를 차지
* Image source: Daniel Stolle, New York Times, Nov. 12, 2010Click the image for larger view
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'Robert D. Kaplan, the author of “Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power,” is a senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security and a correspondent for The Atlantic.'(NYT)
New York Times
Op-Ed Contributor
Obama Takes Asia by Sea
By ROBERT D. KAPLAN
Published: November 11, 2010
PRESIDENT OBAMA has insisted that his 10-day Asian journey is all about jobs: “The primary purpose is to ... open up markets so that we can sell in Asia, in some of the fastest-growing markets in the world, and we can create jobs here in the United States of America.” But this recasting of the agenda, a late reaction to the midterm election, obscured the vital geopolitical importance of the trip.
In fact, the president has been confronting a new strategic map that lies beyond our messy and diversionary land wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. In geographical terms, two of the countries on the itinerary, India and Indonesia, are in the same increasingly pivotal region: the southern coastal areas, or “rimland” of Eurasia, which is emerging as the world’s hydrocarbon interstate, uniting energy-rich Arabia and Iran with the growing economies of the Pacific.
Gone today are the artificial divisions of cold-war-era studies: now the “Middle East,” “South Asia,” “Southeast Asia” and “East Asia” are part of a single organic continuum. In geopolitical terms, the president’s visits in all four countries are about one challenge: the rise of China on land and sea.
India is increasingly feeling hemmed in by China’s military might. It lies within the arc of operations of Chinese fighter jets based in Tibet. China is building or developing large ports in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Burma, and providing all these Indian Ocean countries with significant military and economic aid.
Although India and China fought a border war in the early 1960s, they have never really been rivals, separated as they are by the Himalayas. But the shrinkage of distance thanks to globalism and advances of military technology has spawned a rivalry that is defining the new Eurasia.
Indeed, it is India’s emergence as a great Eurasian power that constitutes the best piece of news for American strategists since the end of the cold war. Merely by rising without any formal alliance with Washington, democratic India balances statist China. Even closer links between the United States and India would be better — and no doubt factored into Mr. Obama’s talk of backing India for a seat on the United Nations Security Council — but are made complex by our chaotic land wars.
While President Obama would like to withdraw from Afghanistan, Indian leaders remain afraid he will do precisely that. To Indians, Afghanistan is not a distant Central Asian country: it is historically part of the subcontinent. Empires as distant as the Harappans in the fourth millennium B.C. and as recent as the Mughals in the early modern era made Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India part of the same polity. Indian elites carry this history in their bones.
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Another Blog about Center for a New American Security
Text Fwd: Why Adm. Mike Mullen visited the South Pacific island nation of Tonga 왜 멀렌 사련관은 남태평양 통가를 방문했을까?
* Image source : Google (*Tales from Tonga blog)'Tonga'
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Adm. Mike Mullen speaks during a lecture on the conditions of peace at UCLA in Los Angeles on Nov. 10. Mullen touched down behind schedule for a visit to the kingdom of Tonga this week.(Jae C. Hong/AP) * Informed at Defense News Letter om Nov. 12, 2010 Christian Monitor Why Adm. Mike Mullen visited the South Pacific island nation of Tonga : Adm. Mike Mullen stopped at the South Pacific island nation on his trip home this week from Australia, where he attended security discussions.
Nov. 11, 2010
By Anna Mulrine, Staff writer
posted November 11, 2010
Nukualofa, Tonga — Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, touched down behind schedule for a visit to the kingdom of Tonga this week, the result of strong head winds, and he was met with a flurry of activity.
[..]
The divide between royals and commoners here has sparked a push for democracy that has at times resulted in violent riots. The island will hold its first democratic elections later this year.
Tonga seemed a well-located, and well-timed, stop during Mullen’s trip home from Australia, where he attended security discussions centered on the Afghanistan war and China’s growing influence in the Pacific region. His 757 needed to refuel, and his staff decided that this was also an excellent opportunity to thank Tonga for its contributions to US war efforts, both current and historical.
During World War II, thousands of US troops were based in Tonga, whose soldiers also fought alongside the United States at Guadalcanal.
During the Iraq war, the country came to symbolize America’s desperate search for coalition partners: The Bush administration accepted 55 Tongan soldiers to bolster US efforts in late 2004.
Back then, there was some debate about whether to call the contingent a large platoon or a small company. US military officials settled on the former and set about deciding what to do with them – mindful that the island nation’s contributions represented 10 percent of its armed forces.
The troops were deployed to heavily fortified Camp Victory in Baghdad, where they quickly became good-natured staples of the security scene guarding Al Faw palace, the headquarters building for America’s top generals.
Now, another 55-strong Tongan troop contingent is preparing to head to Afghanistan, where the US is once again leading a coalition that is becoming smaller and increasingly fragile. Another search ensued for a relatively safe place to station the Tongan troops. Afghan President Hamid Karzai, too, is said to have been touched by the Tongan troop contribution and has taken an interest in their safety.
When they arrive in the country later this year after a training stint in Britain, the troops will head to Camp Bastion – a bustling yet highly remote desert outpost in Afghanistan’s violent Helmand Province – where they will take on base security duties.
At a lavish reception held in honor of Mullen’s visit and the newest military partnership between the two nations, the admiral was to review the Tongan troops. Since he was being whisked away to meet with the king, however, he delegated those honors to a senior member of his traveling party, Lt. Gen. Charles Jacoby.
Though he acknowledged he was improvising, Jacoby was congratulated by fellow US military officials for not flinching in the midst of a ceremonial volley of gunfire that visitors noted was aimed closer to the reviewer’s face than US military tradition would have dictated.
[...]
On a recent visit to the island, Chinese military officials had asked the band to come perform in China, one of the hosts mentioned. US military officials said it was the first they had heard of the Chinese visit to the island – and decided that back in Washington, a battle of the Tongan and US military bands may soon be in order.
Friday, November 12, 2010
Text Fwd: US chooses Fiji for aid base in Pacific despite dictatorship 미국, 독재에도 불구, 태평양 보조 기지로 피지 선택
* Image source: Geographic GuideClick the image for larger view
* Text sent from Corazon Valdez Fabros on Nov. 11, 2010
NZ Herald
US chooses Fiji for aid base in Pacific despite dictatorship
By Audrey Young
Nov 3, 2010
The United States has chosen Fiji as the site for its expansion of aid to the Pacific despite its military regime.
Behind the decision is a desire to counter Fiji's strong relationship with China.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton made the announcement before her eight-country tour of the Asia-Pacific area. She is due in New Zealand tomorrow for talks in Wellington, and will go to Christchurch on Friday.
The US abandoned its Pacific aid post 15 years ago, leaving a gap that has been keenly filled by China, which is expanding its international influence through aid.
The US has publicly said for some time that it believes it was a mistake to turn its attention from the Pacific.
It had been considering other locations for its USAID base, including Honiara in the Solomons.
But because of the strengthening relationship between Fiji and China and the fact that Fiji is a hub for the Pacific, it chose Fiji.
The USAID hub will begin with a budget of $27.5 million specifically for climate change mitigation.
[...]
Her speech made it clear that the US intends to step up its engagement in the region on every front - development, military, bilateral relationships and regional organisations such as the East Asia Summit and Asean.
"The most common thing Asian leaders have said to me in my travels in this last 20 months is, 'Thank you, we're so glad you're playing an active role in Asia again'."
She said the Pentagon was engaged in a comprehensive "global posture review" - effectively a white paper that will set out the plan for the US military presence in the region.
That plan would have to become "more politically sustainable, operationally resilient, and geographically dispersed".
[..]
She also said: "We have created new parameters for military co-operation with New Zealand."
That refers to the more streamlined procedures for waiving the ban on exercising with New Zealand - a reprisal for the anti-nuclear legislation of 1986.
Mrs Clinton is visiting Vietnam, China, Cambodia, Malaysia, PNG, New Zealand, Australia, American Samoa. It is her sixth visit to the region in 20 months.
Text Fwd: Pentagon: U.S., Allies To End China's Rare Earths Dominance 미 국방부: 미국과 그 동맹국들, 중국의 희귀 흙 지배 막기로 결심
Stop NATO
Defense News
November 9, 2010
DoD Sees U.S., Allies Ending China's Rare Earths Dominance
By JOHN T. BENNETT
NEW YORK: The U.S. must only survive a few more years of Beijing's dominance over rare earths minerals supply and pricing, then American and key allies should be able to turn the tables, said Brett Lambert, U.S. Defense Department industrial affairs chief.
....
The markets should prompt Western nations to develop alternative to Beijing's rare earths dominance, he said.
Sources say a soon-to-be-released Pentagon study will feature a similar bottom-line conclusion.
China now controls nearly 100 percent of the global supply and production of this family of elements, which is used to make crucial components in a list of American weapon systems, including jet engine turbines, unmanned planes, electric motors, radars, night-vision goggles, missiles, electronics and other items.
The United States imports 100 percent of the rare earths it needs, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
China's control, experts say, allows Beijing to dictate rare earths prices and global availability. This was spotlighted in recent weeks when China threatened to withhold rare earths from Japan during an unrelated flap.
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Defense News
November 9, 2010
DoD Sees U.S., Allies Ending China's Rare Earths Dominance
By JOHN T. BENNETT
NEW YORK: The U.S. must only survive a few more years of Beijing's dominance over rare earths minerals supply and pricing, then American and key allies should be able to turn the tables, said Brett Lambert, U.S. Defense Department industrial affairs chief.
....
The markets should prompt Western nations to develop alternative to Beijing's rare earths dominance, he said.
Sources say a soon-to-be-released Pentagon study will feature a similar bottom-line conclusion.
China now controls nearly 100 percent of the global supply and production of this family of elements, which is used to make crucial components in a list of American weapon systems, including jet engine turbines, unmanned planes, electric motors, radars, night-vision goggles, missiles, electronics and other items.
The United States imports 100 percent of the rare earths it needs, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
China's control, experts say, allows Beijing to dictate rare earths prices and global availability. This was spotlighted in recent weeks when China threatened to withhold rare earths from Japan during an unrelated flap.
READ MORE
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