Text Fwd: [Guam] Buildup Projects Detailed

Workers of Watts Constructors covers a newly poured form to shield it from a rain shower approaching their precast yard in Agat on March 18. About $1 billion in buildup projects are set to be awarded now that the Programmatic Agreement has been signed. / Rick Cruz/Pacific Daily News/rmcruz@guampdn.com

* Text from Martha Duenas on March 25, 2011

Pacific Daily News
Buildup Projects Detailed
Brett Kellman
March 24, 2011

Nine buildup construction projects that will create Marine facilities in Finegayan, Apra Harbor and Andersen Air Force Base finally can move forward now that the programmatic agreement has been signed.

Yesterday, Naval Facilities Marianas released a statement detailing some of the projects, which amount to about $1 billion in total cost. Projects can now be awarded to contractors, who can begin designing or building complexes that Marines will use when they relocate from Okinawa to Guam in coming years.

"The signing of the PA is an important milestone," said Joe Ludovici, executive director of the Joint Guam Program Office, in the statement. "We are looking forward to continuing to work with the people of Guam and the business community to deliver the requirements for the relocating Marines."

All of these projects were funded by either the federal government or the government of Japan in past fiscal years, but their progress hinged on approval of the programmatic agreement. Now the projects have all the funding and approval they need, so the military is ready to award the jobs.

Two projects were awarded last September but they could not begin physical work before the agreement was signed.

Of these nine projects, the most expensive projects will start work on the Finegayan Marine Base, the future home of about 8,000 Marines who will move from Okinawa to Guam.

According to Guam Buildup Office documents, which provided estimated costs for each of the nine projects, about $630 million of Japan government money will be spent to get the base started. This money will pay for two phases of utility installation and "site improvements" in Finegayan.

The first contract will be awarded this summer.

In addition to laying power, water and sewer lines, whichever companies are hired to do this work also will build primary roads, hang street lights, install communication lines and build two checkpoints that will allow access to the base, according online Navy procurement documents.

Andersen

The first phase of the project also includes construction of a new gate at Andersen Air Force Base -- along Route 9 near Machanaonao Elementary School -- which will allow Marines to access a new aviation training complex.

The aviation complex will be at a portion of Andersen Air Force Base called "North Ramp," which already houses Navy helicopter operations but has room for expansion. Ultimately, the Marine complex will consist of about 20 new buildings and about 25 stationed aircraft, according to the final Environmental Impact Statement.

Contracts for the groundwork for this aviation complex -- which consists of utility installation and aviation parking -- will be awarded in April.

These two contacts amount to about $111 million, but they are only the beginning of the money that will be spent at the North Ramp complex.

Final approval of the programmatic agreement also unlocks projects in Apra Harbor, some of which have been stuck in limbo for months.

Apra Harbor

The Guam Buildup Office documents show that the military plans to spend about $213 million on three or four projects -- wharf improvements, a military work dog facility, a waterfront headquarters and a medical clinic.

These facilities are part of a waterfront training complex that will be built in Apra Harbor, where Marines will practice amphibious assaults at least four times a year, for about three weeks at a time, according to the Final EIS.

About a dozen armored amphibious vehicles -- plus inflatable speedboats and reconnaissance rafts -- will be stationed on Guam, the final EIS states. Training sessions could attract larger vessels such as destroyers, cruisers and large amphibious hovercraft that are capable of carrying several military trucks.

Overall, the Marine facilities in Finegayan, Andersen and Apra Harbor have a long way to go, but the nine buildup projects that can now move forward will start work in all three locations.

"We are pleased that the Navy can move forward with some of the initial work," Capt. Peter Lynch, commanding officer of Naval Facilities Marianas, said in the statement. "These projects allow mission-essential infrastructure for the Guam realignment to proceed with a solid agreement to protect the valuable cultural resources on Guam and Tinian and stimulate economic growth in the region."

Text Fwd: Advanced U.S. Nuclear Fast Attack Submarine Docks In Guam 첨단 초고속 핵 잠수함, 괌에 정박

* Image & source captions: U.S. navy

'Description: The Virginia-class attack submarine USS Hawaii (SSN 776) enters Apra Harbor for a scheduled port visit.

100924-N-5539C-013 GUAM (Sept. 24, 2010) The Virginia-class attack submarine USS Hawaii (SSN 776) enters Apra Harbor for a scheduled port visit. This is the first deployment of a Virginia-class to the western Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Corwin Colbert/Released)'
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* Text sent from Rock Rozoff on Sept. 27, 2010

Navy NewsStand
September 24, 2010
USS Hawaii Visits Guam
From Joint Region Marianas Public Affairs


-The state-of-the-art submarine is capable of supporting a multitude of missions, including anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface ship warfare, strike, naval special warfare involving special operations forces, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, irregular warfare and mine warfare.


APRA HARBOR, Guam: The Virginia-class fast attack submarine USS Hawaii (SSN 776) arrived Sept. 24 in Apra Harbor, Guam for a port visit during the ship's first deployment to the Western Pacific.

The ship departed Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam for a scheduled deployment to the Western Pacific region Aug. 25.

With a crew of 136, this is the ship's first deployment from Pearl Harbor.
Hawaii will be conducting a multitude of missions while assigned to 7th Fleet during the next several months.

"Guam, as a port, plays a vital role in the U.S. military's efforts to fulfill our commitments to our allies and partners and to protect our nation's security," said Capt. John Russ, commodore for Submarine Squadron 15....

Measuring 377 feet long and weighing 7,800 tons when submerged, Hawaii is one of the Navy's newest and most technologically sophisticated submarines.

The state-of-the-art submarine is capable of supporting a multitude of missions, including anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface ship warfare, strike, naval special warfare involving special operations forces, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, irregular warfare and mine warfare.
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* Image source & caption: Stars & Stripes

'The USS Hawaii moors at Pier 13 on Tuesday at Yokosuka Naval Base, the first port stop of the fast-attack sub's Western Pacific deployment. The visit by the Hawaii is the first by a Virginia class submarine to the 7th Fleet's Western Pacific-based area of operations. Navy officials say the boat's abilities in coastal waters give planners more flexibility in gathering intelligence and performing other missions. Erik Slavin/Stars and Stripes'
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Stars and Stripes
September 7, 2010
Submarine USS Hawaii first of its class to enter Western Pacific
By Erik Slavin

YOKOSUKA NAVAL BASE, Japan: The USS Hawaii's arrival at Yokosuka on Friday marks the first port visit by a Virginia-class submarine in the Western Pacific.

The USS Hawaii’s arrival on Friday at Yokosuka for a port visit signaled the first time a Virginia-class submarine has entered the Western Pacific, Navy officials said Tuesday.

The relatively new fast-attack submarine’s arrival in Asian waters represents yet another piece of the Navy’s shift toward watercraft and weaponry designed to operate in nearshore waters.
....
....
Submarine commanders tend to avoid talking about specific countries and operations, but they’re usually happy to talk about their boats. Mack was no exception aboard the Hawaii on Tuesday.

The Hawaii can not only drive itself, it can auto-hover and auto-stabilize, keeping the boat as quiet as possible while avoiding detection at varied depths, Mack said.

It also uses a sonar “chin array” to detect mines and other threats beneath the boat, an upgrade over the older Los Angeles-class subs that the Hawaii and boats like it are replacing.
“The Los Angeles-class is extremely capable, but it was designed in an era more focused on open ocean,” said Cmdr. Jeff Davis, spokesman for the 7th Fleet, which oversees the Western Pacific. The Hawaii and its class “add a lot of value, particularly in ... the littoral environments in which we operate.”

The new capabilities would aid the Hawaii if it ever operated in the often shallow waters near the Korean Northern Limit Line, where international investigators believe the South Korean ship Cheonan was destroyed by a North Korean torpedo in March.

The Hawaii also has an airlock chamber which it can use to launch Navy SEAL teams into nearshore waters.

Davis said the Hawaii was not scheduled to participate in a U.S.-South Korean anti-submarine exercise that was postponed this week due to a tropical storm off the peninsula.

He said there is no special reason why a Virginia-class sub hadn’t shown up in the Western Pacific sooner. However, with 12 Virginia-class subs expected to be ready by 2015, the boats will likely play an increasingly larger role in 7th Fleet plans.

“We are the first, but there are more to follow,” Mack said.
===========================
Stop NATO
Blog site:

Text Fwd: Navy Finalizes Plans For U.S. Military Buildup On Guam 미 해군, 괌에서의 미 군대 증강 계획 최종

* Stop NATO

Stars and Stripes
September 20, 2010
Navy finalizes plans for U.S. military buildup on Guam
By Travis J. Tritten

SASEBO NAVAL BASE, Japan: The U.S. Navy firmed up plans Tuesday for a military
buildup on Guam that could lead to a historic shift in military forces in the
Pacific.

The Navy’s record of decision finalizes where facilities will be built for
8,600 Marines scheduled to move from Okinawa by 2014 and identifies the planned
pace of the massive construction effort, according to a brief released by the
Department of Defense Joint Guam Program Office.

But the Navy delayed decisions on controversial plans to build military training
ranges on Guam’s ancestral land and to dredge coral in Guam’s main harbor
for an aircraft carrier berth, according to the brief.

The full report on the buildup was not available immediately after it was signed
by Assistant Secretary of the Navy Jackie Pfannenstiel early Tuesday. The joint
program office said it would post the full document online by Wednesday.
....
Utilities funding from the Japanese government is critical, he said.

The United States is in talks with Japan and the Japanese Bank of International
Cooperation over the country’s $740 million contribution for wastewater, power
and water upgrades on Guam.

Japan agreed in 2006 to fund the upgrades as part of the shift of Marines from
Okinawa.
....
===========================
Stop NATO
Blog site

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* See a text sent from Martha Duenas on Sept. 22, 2010, also.

Guam Build EIS
Associated Press

US Military Postpones 2 Guam Buildup Decisions
By AUDREY McAVOY (AP) – 2:09 PM Guam / ChST

HONOLULU — The U.S. military has postponed two key decisions related to its buildup of forces on the Guam to ensure it's complying with environmental and historic preservation laws.

But it gave final approval to the single biggest part of the buildup: a proposal to move 8,000 Marines and their dependents from Okinawa, Japan to the U.S. territory in the Pacific. The decision was posted online Tuesday.

The Navy put off deciding where to build a live fire range for the Marines while it consults with preservation authorities on how the training area would affect the ancient village of Pagat. Stone bowls, fishing gear, spear points and other artifacts dating back more than a millennium have been found at the village, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The military acknowledged in a document called a "Record of Decision" that a significant new influx of population would affect the island's indigenous Chamorro population, and vowed to be sensitive to this issue.

At its peak, the buildup is expected to boost Guam's population by 79,000 people, or 45 percent, over its current 180,000 residents.

The Department of Defense "is cognizant of the concerns regarding the degradation of Chamorro culture and respects Chamorro social and cultural traditions and will continue to strive to be good neighbors," the document said.

The Navy also delayed deciding where in Apra Harbor it will place a new aircraft carrier berth so it can study how construction of the dock would affect the harbor's coral reef.

The Environmental Protection Agency in February said the military, in a draft environmental impact statement, had underestimated the effect the berth would have on corals that provide essential habitats for fish and endangered sea turtles.

The EPA told the Navy this month it would need to study the coral matter further before it selected a site within Apra for the carrier.

The Navy wants the new berth to accommodate the military's strategy of having its aircraft carriers spend more time in the western Pacific.

Guam is about 3,700 miles southwest of Hawaii and 1,500 miles south of Tokyo.

Text Fwd:[famoksaiyanfriends] US Embassy Tokyo: U.S. and Japan Moving Forward on U.S. Force Realignment 도쿄 미 대사관: 미국과 일본 미국 군대 재배치를 향해 전진

*Image source: Teri Weaver/Stars and Stripes
'A man walks along Guam's eastern shore in an area near Pagat, the site of an ancient Chamorro village.'
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* Texts fwd from Martha Duenas on Sept. 15, 2010

Embassy of the United States - Japan

PRESS RELEASE:

U.S. and Japan Moving Forward on U.S. Force Realignment

Sept. 14, 2010

On Sept. 14, 2010 in Tokyo, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America John V. Roos and Japanese Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada exchanged Notes pertaining to the transfer of funds provided by the Government of Japan to the United States Government in accordance with the Agreement on the Relocation of United States Marine Corps from Okinawa to Guam, signed between Secretary of State Clinton and Foreign Minster Nakasone on Feb. 17, 2009.

Based on the exchanged Notes, the Government of Japan will provide $497.8 million to the United States Government during FY2010 to be used for projects to develop facilities and infrastructure on Guam for the relocation of 8,000 U.S. Marines and their dependents from Okinawa to Guam. This significant step is in accordance with the May 1, 2006, SCC Document, "United States-Japan Roadmap for Realignment Implementation," which both Governments reaffirmed in the May 28, 2010, SCC Joint Statement.

Projects to be funded by the Government of Japan during FY2010 for the relocation of U.S. Marines from Okinawa to Guam:

On-base infrastructure project in Finegayan area (Phase 2): 309 million U.S. dollars
Construction project of fire station in Finegayan area: 25.1 million U.S. dollars
Construction project of port operation unit headquarters building in Apra area: 24.8 million U.S. dollars
Construction project of medical clinic in Apra area: 96 million U.S. dollars
Design project (base administrative building, Marine Logistic Group headquarters building, police station, physical training complex, enlisted dining facility and bachelor enlisted quarters in Finegayan area): 42.9 million U.S. dollars
TOTAL: 497.8 million U.S. dollars
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* Related articles

Stars and Stripes
Japan Agrees to Pay $498 Million Toward Guam Buildup
By Travis J. Tritten
September 14, 2010 1:58 PM Guam/ChST

• Senate committee cuts $300M slated for Guam buildup from proposed budget
• Guam expansion central to U.S. realignment strategy in Asia
• Navy details impact of Guam move

Text Fwd: Christina Illarmo: USSF Presentation at the 'American Lake' or Ka Moana Nui?: Demilitarization Movements in the Asia-Pacific Workshop

* Text informed by Corazon Valdez Fabros on June 28, 2010

Christina Illarmo: USSF Presentation at the 'American Lake' or Ka Moana Nui?: Demilitarization Movements in the Asia-Pacific Workshop
June 28, 2010 at 10:44 am

Presentation at the
USSF - United States Social Forum
24 June 2010

'American Lake' or Ka Moana Nui?: Demilitarization Movements in the Asia-Pacific

The Pacific island of Guahan, where I was born and raised, has been touted to mainstream audiences as "the tip of the spear," "the unsinkable aircraft carrier," or as a kind of "gas station" for U.S troops. But this island is more than a military outpost, it’s place of waterfalls, fresh water caves, thick jungles, and warm sandy beaches. It’s also home to a loving and resilient native people who after surviving centuries of Western colonization have yet to receive their inherent right to self-determination.

We’ve been citizens since the 50’s, yet we still can’t vote for President, we aren’t represented in the senate, and our one Congressional Delegate can’t vote on the floor; but our voices are valid and our concerns are real.

This massive military buildup, which will realign troops from Okinawa to Guahan, puts our culture, environment, and our quality of life at risk while simultaneously violating our human rights. While Okinawa, Hawai’i, California, Philippines, and Korea have said no- we have not; and it is not because we say "yes"; it is because we were never ASKED. Our political status as a US Territory provides the United States a place wherein they may implement their plans with "no restrictions," meaning: they can do whatever is in their best interest. When our local leaders voiced concerns during realignment negotiations, they were told that this was a "nation-to-nation" conversation. This response reminds our people that we have never been equals within this country. We are Americans; but then we are not.

Why does the US go so far out of its way to subjugate a peaceful little island 30 miles long and 7 miles wide with a population of 171,000?

In a simple word: LOCATION.

Any military official will tell you as a US Territory, Guahan is the only location of its kind in the Pacific, from which long-range bombers can strike nearly any target in Northeast, East and Southeast Asia. They see us as the “Diego Garcia of the Pacific”.

But in the grand scheme of things, it doesn’t matter how important the Pentagon thinks we are, this costly, immoral and unsustainable practice of forcing bases on unwilling soil has a huge price tag ($4 billion) and it is breaking the backs of the American working class while destroying the lives of native peoples abroad.

Currently, the military is Guahan’s largest landowner, occupying roughly 1/3 of the land. Air force and naval bases restricted to the civilian public have not only displaced thousands of people, they have created a unique form of racial and socioeconomic segregation in which the service people behind the fence have their own hospitals, schools, homes, parks, churches, shopping centers, camping grounds, and beaches- all on land which was mostly stolen or forcibly bought for insultingly low prices from the indigenous Chamoru people. Besides the trauma of displacement, and being forced to use the English language in place of our own, our quality of life has seen other impacts. Before much of our rich and fertile ancestral farmlands were confiscated we had sustainable agriculture. Our farmers produced over 90% of our food. Today we must rely on expensive importing with our own local production reduced to 5%.

Last November the required draft environmental impact was released, outlining plans for the buildup. Those familiar with environmental impact statements and NEPA regulations will quickly tell you that the typical length of these types of documents run somewhere around 350 pages. However, the DEIS detailing US plans to realign Okinawan troops to Guam was over 11,000 pages and contained three separate projects (all three of which contained plans large enough to justify their own formal commenting period). This forced residents of Guam to digest, understand, and critique this massive document within a 90 day period. Residents were welcome to submit written comments but each were only given 3 minutes to testify at a series of only 3 hearings. You can see a few of these testimonies on the Voice of Guam Youtube Channel.

At first, attention and most discussion on the buildup was about how it was going to help our economy and create more jobs. But as the inadequacy of plans became apparent during the formal comment period, a shift in the island's attitude occurred as agencies, such as the Guam Water Authority, began to speak out in concern, worried that the expected population boom of 80,000 people would overwhelm our already outdated and stressed sewage system and threaten our freshwater source.

Other organizations such as the Boonie Stompers, a club of hiking enthusiasts, began doing outreach, revealing that the military intended to acquire more land to create live firing ranges in pristine jungles. One such site for a proposed firing range is on the Northeastern shore between Anderson Air Force Base and another base we call “Andy-South”. This site includes the ancient Chamoru village of Pagat, considered to not only hold archeological and historical significance- to us it is a truly spiritual place- one of the few left intact that we still have access to. A firing range in Pagat would be no less an outrage than when the Taliban blew up the treasured, ancient Buddhas carved into the cliffs of Afghanistan.

The Guam’s Fisherman Coop helped make the public aware that the military wants to dredge 73 acres of thriving coral reef at Apra Harbor to make another parking spot for a nuclear aircraft carrier. Against the wishes of our people, local leaders, and the urging of the EPA and Center for Biological Diversity, they want to slam the reef with giant weights where the spinner dolphin plays, scalloped hammer head sharks pup, sea turtles swim, and giant blue elephant ear sponge grow. Then they want to scoop the remains out with giant cranes and dispose the equivalent of 50,000 dump truck loads several miles off the coast of the island.

Now, thanks to the work and dedication of local agencies and organizations, and help from off-island folks, our local people have chosen to reject the sense that all of these sacrifices are worth the false promise of economic security from an increased military presence.

It has been truly inspiring to see this grassroots movement explode. And this is where you come in.

First, commit to further educating yourself on the what is happening in the Pacific. Peruse the newsletter, “Stop the military buildup” produced by Famoksaiyan, a group of Chamoru activist based out of California. On it you will find more background on the issue and links to awesome resources such as “No Rest for the Awake” and the “Drowning Mermaid Blog”. Both blogs are written by University of Guam instructors, bright minds who are very active in youth work and are driving forces behind this movement. There is also an amazing podcast you can subscribe to for free on Itunes called “Beyond the Fence”. This is a weekly radio show on the islands NPR station which discuses different aspects of the buildup on every episode.

Next I implore you to stand in solidarity with us and take action. Spread the word about what you’ve learned. Tell your leaders that you don’t support your tax money being used on any more excessive military expenditures. Join the movement to close the base on Okinawa and other sites abroad. Because whether we are talking about Guam, Okinawa or Hawai’i… it’s no different, our suffering and our commitment to oppose the militarization of our homelands is the same.

- Christina Illarmo

[국문 번역] Guam Report 괌 보고서

# The below was the writing by Michael Lujan Bevacqua (Guam) who wrote it upon his visit to South Korea when there was the ‘No Base Learning and Solidarity Program-Korea(June 14 to 20, 2010)’ as Guam delegate. His bio can be seen at the bottom of the writing. The writing in original English and Korean translation was loaded in Peace Making website.(click HERE and HERE)

# 위 글은 2010년 6월 14일 ~20일에 열린 [기지 반대 배움과 연대 한국 방문 프로그램] 에 한국을 방문한 괌대표 마이클 루한 베박쿠아 (Michael Lujan Bevacqua)가 발제한 내용이다. 그의 약력은 글의 말미에서 볼 수 있다. 이 글은 원문 영문본과 국문 번역본이 평화 만들기에 실렸읍니다.(여기와 여기를 누르시길)
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Translator 번역: Jung Ae-Sung 정애성

2010 South Korea "No Bases" Solidarity Trip
2010년 "기지 반대" 연대 여행

Guam Report 괌 보고서

By Michael Lujan Bevacqua
마이클 루한 베박쿠아


1. Guam was first notified in October of 2005 that as few as 7,000 US Marines and their dependents would be transferred to the island from Okinawa. Guam was not involved in the discussions or negotiations about this transfer.

1. 2007년 7,000 명의 해군들과 그들의 부대 인력들이 오키나와로부터 괌으로 이전할 것이 라는 최초의 고지가 있었다. 괌은 이 이전 문제를 둘러싼 논의나 협상에 참여한 적이 없었다.

2. For five years, the Department of Defense gave Guam little to no information about what exactly its plans were for its buildup of troops there. The military claimed that this was necessary since nothing was absolutely decided yet, and they would not share any information until it was absolutely certain. As a result, Guam for five years has known that something big is coming to the horizon, but is not sure how or what to prepare for.

2. 5년 간 국방부는 괌에서의 군축 증강 계획이 정확히 어떤 것인지에 대해 아무런 정보도 주지 않았다. 군은 아직 아무것도 완전히 결정되지 않았기 때문에 그것이 분명해질 때까지는 어떤 정보도 공유할 수 없다고 주장했다. 5년 동안 괌은 어떤 커다란 일이 수면 위로 떠오르고 있다는 것을 알았지만, 어떻게 혹은 무엇을 준비해야 할지 알 수 없었다.

3. In November of 2009, the military finally released its plans for Guam, called the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) , this document is meant to outline all the plans and construction which will take place as part of the buildup and also what the possible negative impacts might happen. The document was also supposed to outline any possible alternative or means mitigations practices which could avoid of diminish the negative impact.

3. 2009년 11월 군 당국은 마침내 환경 영향 평가 초안(Draft Environmental Impact Statement, 이후 DEIS)으로 불리는 괌에 대한 계획안을 공포했는데, 이 문서는 군축 증강으로 수반되는 모든 계획과 건설, 그리고 그것이 초래할 부정적인 결과에 대한 대략적인 설명이었다. 그 문서는 또한 부정적 영향을 감소시킬 수 있는 대안적 완화 방안을 모색하려고 했다.

4. This document was 11,000 pages long, and the people of Guam were given 90 days in order to read it and respond to it.

4. 이 문서는 11,000 페이지에 달하는 것이었고, 괌 주민들은 그것을 읽고 응답하기 위해 90여 일을 소모했다.

5. At last, the people of Guam knew what exactly the military was planning. Their buildup consisted of three main actions.

5. 결국 괌 주민들은 군 당국의 계획이 정확히 무엇인지를 깨달았다. 군축 계획은 세 가지 주요 조처들로 구성된다.

a. The transfer of 8,000 Marines from Okinawa to Guam along with their 9,000 dependents. Billions of dollars worth of facilities would have to be built to house, train and entertain these transfers.

a. 8,000 명의 해군들과 그들의 부대 인력 9,000 명을 오키나와에서 괌으로 이전한다. 수십억 달러의 이전 경비가 소모될 것이다.

b. A massive dredging of Guam’s primary harbor, Apra, in order to allow for nuclear powered aircraft carriers to berth on Guam for several weeks of the year.

b. 핵의 파괴력을 지닌 비행기들을 연 간 수 주 동안 괌에 정박시키기 위해, 괌의 주요 항인 아프라(Apra)에 거대한 준설 작업을 시행한다.

c. An Army Missile Ballistic Force, consisting of around 600 Army personnel, who would shot missiles out of the sky as they passed over Guam.

c. 괌을 지나가면서 하늘에서 미사일을 떨어뜨릴 600명의 탄도 미사일 부대(An Army Missile Ballistic Force)를 구성한다.

6. The DEIS is a document which the military writes itself based on studies and research they do. Typically, the DEIS is a document which while mentioning some negatives ultimately supports the action. In the case of this DEIS, while overall providing support for the military buildup to Guam, it also revealed that the military anticipated that a wave of negative impacts would also hit Guam.

6. DEIS는 군 당국의 연구와 탐구에 근거한 보고서이다. 전형적으로 DEIS는 일부 부정적인 영향을 언급하지만 결과적으로 그 조처를 지지하는 문서이다. DEIS는 전반적으로 괌의 군축 증강 계획에 대한 지지를 표명하면서도, 군 당국이 괌에 부정적인 여파를 초래할 것을 내다보고 있음을 보여준다.

7. The military buildup to Guam would bring within 5 years, 80,000 more people onto the island, 30,000 of whom would be foreign contract workers.

7. 괌의 군축 증강으로 5년 내에 80,000여 명의 사람들이 괌으로 몰려들고, 그들 중 30,000명은 외국인 계약직 노동자일 것이다.

8. Although the military buildup would create in their estimation 20,000 new jobs, only less than 25% of those would go to Guam residents, the rest going to foreign contract workers or military dependents.

8. 그들은 군축 증강으로 20,000 개의 새로운 일자리가 생길 것으로 추산하지만, 괌 주민들에게 돌아가는 것은 그것들 중 25% 미만에 불과하고, 나머지는 외국인 계약직 노동자들이나 군의 부대인력에게 돌아갈 것이다.

9. The military admitted that the buildup may have long terms impacts on Chamorros and their place on Guam, by furthering making them a minority in their own land, and weakening their political and cultural power.

9. 군 당국은 군축 계획이 괌의 차모르족과 그들의 입지에 장기적인 영향을 끼치게 되고, 더 나아가 그들을 소수 민족으로 만들고 그들의 정치적, 문화적 힘을 약화하는 결과를 가져올 것이라고 시인했다.

10. The DEIS foresaw that Guam would need to increase the capacity of its health care system, educational system, utility and infrastructure system at an incredible rate in order to not have the buildup destroy the island. Initial GovGuam estimates for how much it would cost for Guam in order to hire and train the teachers, doctors, nurses needed for the buildup as well as improve roads and utilities was anywhere from 2 – 3 billion dollars.

10. DEIS는 군축 계획으로 괌이 파괴되지 않기 위해서는 괌의 건강보호제도, 교육제도, 엄청난 기간 시설과 설비력을 보강해야 한다고 내다보았다. 괌 정부는 군축 계획에 필요한 교사, 의사, 간호사를 고용 및 훈련하고, 도로와 설비들을 개선하는데 드는 비용은 무려 이삼십 억을 웃돌 것으로 추산한다.

11. As early as 2006, the military has promised not to seek any new lands for their buildup, as they already control close to 1/3 of Guam’s land base. However in the DEIS, the military now claimed that they needed 2300 new acres of land, from both private and public hands in order to create proper training facilities for the Marines being transferred.

11. 2006년 군 당국은 그들이 이미 괌의 영토 기지의 거의 1/3을 보유하고 있으므로 군축계획을 위한 새로운 영토를 요구하지 않기로 약속했다. 그러나 DEIS에 의하면, 군 당국은 지금 해군 이전을 위한 적절한 훈련 시설들을 갖추기 위해 개인의 땅이든 공유지이든 2300 에이커의 새 땅이 필요하다고 주장한다.


12. The dredging of Apra Harbor would lead to the destruction of several acres of coral and endanger the natural habitat of a number of already endangered local species of turtle, shark and coral.

12. 아프라 항의 준설 작업으로 수 에이커의 해초 지역이 파괴되고, 이미 멸종 위기에 처한 바다거북, 상어, 해초 등 많은 종들의 자연 서식지가 파멸하게 될 것이다.

13. The military admits, that while for certain sectors of society on Guam they may reap a great deal of financial benefits from the buildup, the island as a whole will undergo a boom and bust cycle, leaving the island’s economy in a more precarious position after the main construction phase is done, then it currently is in now. The cost of living would rise sharply, but the wages would not rise as well.

13. 군 당국은 어떤 측면에서는 괌 주민들이 군축 계획으로부터 상당한 재정적 이익을 보겠지만, 주요 건설 작업이 끝나면 섬 전체가 붐-침체 주기를 겪고 섬의 경제는 더욱 불확실한 상태에 빠지게 될 것이라고 인정한다. 생활비는 폭등하고 임금은 오르지 않을 것이다.

14. People on Guam, recognizing the dangers that this buildup now represented, came out in record numbers to speak out their minds on this buildup.

14. 이 군축 계획이 초래할 위험성을 인식하고 괌의 많은 주민들이 군축에 대한 그들의 의견을 표명하게 되었다.

15. The DEIS public comment period lasted from November 2009 – February 2010. During that period, public meetings were packed with people who showed that they were upset, confused and wanted this buildup either slowed down, stopped or renegotiated with Guam at the table.

15. DEIS는 2009년 11월부터 2010년 2월까지 여론을 조사했다. 그 시기의 공적 회의들은 괌 주민들이 분노하고 혼란스러워하면서, 이 군축 계획을 좀 더 늦추고 중지하거나, 또는 괌 주민들과 협상하기를 원한다는 것을 보여주었다.

16. The Department of Defense had been hoping that the people of Guam would not ask any questions or criticize this buildup, and were very shocked when they ended up receiving almost 10,000 comments from people about the military buildup.

16. 국방부는 괌 주민들이 이 계획에 질문하거나 비판하길 바라지 않았고, 최종적으로 군증축에 대해 괌 주민들로부터 10,000 개의 비판적 여론을 받았을 때 큰 충격을 받았다.

17. The buildup cause such an uproar that a new grassroots group, made up of primarily young people, was started called We Are Guahan. This group collected an email list of 5,000 who all had concerns about the buildup and organized different public events to inform the public about the negative impacts of the buildup, and gathered 10,000 signatures for a petition to be sent to President Obama asking that he meet with the people of Guam to hear their concerns about the buildup.

17. 군축 계획은 "우리는 구아한이다"(We Are Guahan)라는, 주로 젊은이들로 구성된 새로운 민중 집단이 생길만큼 큰 소란을 일으켰다. 이 집단은 군축에 대해 우려하는 5,000명의 이메일 명단을 수집하고, 군축으로 초래될 부정적인 영향에 대한 사회적 여론을 알리기 위해 공공의 다양한 행사들을 개최하는가 하면, 10,000 명의 사인을 모아 오바마 대통령에게 괌 주민들과 만나 군축에 대한 그들의 우려를 들어달라는 청원서를 보내기도 했다.

18. One of the sites threatened by the buildup was Pagat Cave, an area full of ancient artifacts which has become a favorite site for hikers and schools to visit. The military proposed leasing that area and restricting access to it in order to build a firing training range nearby, where machine guns and grenades would be used. This caused a huge protest in the community, as teachers, hikers, students, artists and politicians all joined together to protect this site and ensure that it wasn’t taken for military use. This work paid off when in May 2010, Pagat was chosen by the National Trust (a historical and environmental preservation organization) as one of its 11 most endangered historical sites in the world.

18. 군축 계획에 의해 위협받는 곳들 중 하나인 파갓 동굴(Pagat Cave)은 고대의 인공물로 가득한 지역으로 여행객들과 학생들이 즐겨 찾는 명소였다. 군 당국은 총과 수류탄을 사용하는 미사일 훈련지를 근방에 세우기 위해 그 곳을 임대해서 접근 제한 지역으로 만들겠다고 제안했다. 이것은 괌 공동체에 거대한 저항을 불러왔다. 교사들, 여행객들, 학생들, 예술가들, 정치가들이 이곳을 지키는데 힘을 모으고 그곳이 군사적 영유지가 되어서는 안된다고 주장했다. 2010년 파갓 동굴이 내셔널 트러스트(역사적, 환경적 보존 기구)에 의해 파멸 위기에 있는 세계 11개의 역사적 지역 중 하나로 선정된 것은 이러한 노력에 의한 보상이었다.

19. The negative outcry over the buildup even helped shift the opinions of regulatory agencies, locally and nationally. Whereas just a year before, these agencies which are in charge of natural resources and the environment might have approved of the DEIS and the buildup, now in response to the public protests, agencies which do have power over whether or not the buildup can happen, began to report very negatively about the buildup, threatening to stall or stop the entire project. The largest criticism came from the national Environmental Protection Agency, which read the DEIS and gave it the lowest grade possible, saying that it represented a very clear danger to Guam and that the military did not adequately provide alternative or mitigation practices to ensure that Guam and its people are protected.

19. 뿐만 아니라 군축 계획에 대한 부정적인 울부짖음은 지역적, 국가적으로 규제 활동들에 대한 여론을 실어나르는데 도움을 주었다. 일 년 전만 해도, 천연 자원과 환경을 책임지는 그러한 활동들은 DEIS와 군축 계획의 승인을 얻어야 했지만, 사회적 저항의 결과로 지금은 군축 계획의 시행 여부에 대해 힘을 행사하고, 군축에 대해 매우 부정적으로 보도하면서 전체 계획의 시행 여부에 위협을 주고 있다. 가장 큰 비판은 국가 환경 보호국으로부터 나왔다. 국가 환경 보호국은 DEIS 보고서에 최저의 등급을 매기면서 그것은 괌에 매우 명백한 위험을 초래하게 되고 군 당국은 괌과 괌 주민들을 보호할 수 있는 대안이나 완화 정책을 적절하게 제공하지 않았다고 진술한다.

20. Right now, the people of Guam are again waiting. They have made it clear to the US military that this buildup, as it is being planned now represents a very serious danger to Guam. In July 2010, the military will respond with its final version of the Environmental Impact State. We are waiting to hear what their response is, will they listen to what people have said and stop the buildup or agree to start over? Or will they just try to push ahead and force it on Guam?

20. 지금 이 순간, 괌 주민들은 여전히 기다리고 있다. 그들은 지금 계획 단계에 있는 이 군축이 괌에 매우 중대한 위험을 몰고 온다는 것을 미군에게 분명히 표명했다. 2010년 6월이면 군 당국이 최종적인 환경 영향 보고서로 응답할 것이다. 우리는 그들이 어떻게 응답할지, 그들이 주민들의 여론에 귀를 기울이고 군축을 중지할지 아니면 그것을 다시 시작할 것인지, 아니면 단지 그것을 밀고 나가 괌에서 시행하려고 할런지 기다리고 있다.

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# Michael Lujan Bevacqua (Guam) is an instructor of English Composition and Guam History at the University of Guam and a scholar-activist whose work is dedicated to chronicling Guam’s history of colonization and exploring its possibilities for decolonization. In 2006 he helped organize the conference Famoksaiyan: Decolonizing Chamorro Histories, Identities and Futures, which took place in San Diego, California and was the first of its kind, bringing together Chamorros and their allies to discuss a diverse range of strategies for decolonization. He manages more than a dozen different websites and blogs dedicated to the issues of Chamorros and their islands, including his personal blog No Rest for the Awake – Minagahet Chamorro, through which he attended the 2008 US Democratic National Convention as the official blogger from Guam. He is the editor of Minagahet Zine and a regularly contributor to the website Guamology. (mlbasquiat@hotmail.com)

마이클 루한 베박쿠아는 괌 대학의 영어 작문 및 괌 역사 강사로 괌의 식민지 역사를 연대 서술하고 탈식민지화를 탐구하는 데 헌신하는 학자-활동가입니다. 2006년 그는 캘리포니아 산디에고에서 열렸던 파목사이안: 차모로 역사, 독자성과 미래 (Famoksaiyan: Decolonizing Chamorro Histories, Identities and Futures) 회담을 조직하는데 공헌했으며 이는 차모로 인들과 그들의 동맹들로 하여금 탈식민지화를 위한 다양한 범위의 전략을 모으는데 공헌한 것의 선구격입니다. 그는 차모로인들과 그들의 섬들에 대한 이슈들에 헌신하는 12개 이상의 다른 웹사이트및 그의 개인 블로그, “각성을 위한 휴식 부재 – 미나가헷 차모로 No Rest for the Awake – Minagahet Chamorro” 블로그를 관리하는데 이를 통해 2008년 미국 민주주의 국가 회담에서 괌의 공식 블로거로 참석했읍니다. 그는 미나가헷 진 Minagahet Zine 의 편집자이며 ‘괌에 관한 것 Guamology’의 정기적 필진의 1인 입니다.