Text Fwd; SPACE SECURITY(Power point CD)

* Text fwd from J. Narayana Rao(jnrao36@rediffmail.com) on Dec. 4, 2009

For Power point CD
SPACE SECURITY
By .J.NARAYANA RAO,GENERAL SECRETARY
ALL INDIA PEACE & SOLIDARITY ORGANISATION,
MAHARASHTRA STATE COMMITTEE, NAGPUR.

( For making a power point CD)

1.HOW WE USE SPACE NOW.

For Communications, Entertainment, weather observations, Navigation, surveillance etc.

2.THREAT TO SPACE SECURITY.

1.Weaponisation of Space.
2.Space Junk and Space Debris.

3.WHAT IS WEAPONISTION OF SPACE.

1.On 23 March 1983 President Ronald Regan of US announced Strategic Defence Initiative
Which became well known as Star Wars Programme.
2.Subsequently H.W.Bush changed it as National Missile Defence Perogramme.
3.There after George W.Bush made it as Ballistic Missile Defence.

4. TYPES OF SPACE WEAPONS

1.Laser Beams.
2.Anti Satellite Weapons.
3.Spacebased ballistic missiles which will be used to destroy ballistic missiles either in
Boost phase or in the mid course trajectory.
4.Orbiting satellites capable of ih-ntercepting or disabling other satellites.
5 Satellites that carry weapons capable of hitting targets.

5. IMPACT OF DEPLOYING OF SPACE WEAPONS.

1.Arms race in Space.
2.Violation of UN Treaties.
3.More and more Countries will join the space war programs.

6.THREAT TO SPACE SECURITY.

1.The greatest threat to Space Security comes from the US planning for space weaponization and space domination. The Vision for 2020 of the US Space Command document outlines the US Policy for
Space domination.
2.Dominating the space dimension of military operations to protect US interests and investments.
3.Integrating space forces into war fighting capabilities across the full spectrum of conflict.
4.The medium of space is the fourth medium of warfare along with land, sea and air.
5.The emerging synergy of space superiority with land, sea and air superiority will lead to full spectrum
Domination.
6.Space power is a vital element in moving towards the joint vision goal of being persuasive in peace, decisive in war, and pre-eminent in any form of conflict.
7.Development of ballistic missile defenses using space systems and planning for precision strike from space offers
a counter to the worldwide proliferation of WMD.

7. SPACE JUNK AND SPACE DEBRIS.

1 2300 Dead Satellites.
2.Debris created because of Collisions and & Explosions.
3.On Feb 2009 two Satellites-Iridium 33 and a defunct Cosmos 2251 collided at a height of 470 Miles
orbiting with a speed of 22000 mph.
4.Pegasus Rocket launched in 1994 exploded which created a cloud of some 300,000 fragments
Bigger than 4 mm.
5.Olympus was hit by a meteor on 11 August 1993.
6.On 24 July 1996 “Cerise” a French Satellite was hit by fragments of Arian-1410 which exploded in 1986.
7.on 29 March 2006 the Russian Express AM II Communication Satellite was struck by an unknown object.
8.In 2007 a Chinese defunct satellite was blasted by a Missile (ASAT) at an altitude of 850 Km. It created more
Than 2300 golf ball size pieces, over 35000 pieces of 1 Cm size or larger and 1 million pieces of 1mm or l larger size.
9.On 19 Feb 2007 a Russian Briz M Booster stage rocket exploded in orbit over Australia.
10.In 1985 an Anti Satellite Test conducted by US destroyed a one tone satellite orbiting at 525 Km altitude.
11.On 20 Feb 2008 US destroyed a defective spy satellite of their own by a SM-3 missile.
12.The oldest debris is the space is the US Satellite Vanguard I launched on 17 March 1958.It worked for
6 years only.
13..On March 2000 a Chinese Long March upper stage exploded in orbit.

7. LOST EQUIPMENT

1.A glove was lost by Edward White during the First US Space walk in 1965.It was in
Orbit for six months orbiting at a speed of 28000 kmph .
2.Astronaut of Gemini 10 Michael Collins lost a Camera near the Space Craft .
3.Near about 200 bags of garbage bags were thrown out by the Soviet Cosmonauts from the MIR Space Station.
4.Sunita Williams also lost a Camera during her space walk.

8.HOW MANY SPAcE DEBRIS IN SPACE.

1. Spent Rocket Parts, Defunct and unused satellites, exploded fragments, paint flakes, slags from solid rocket motors, small needles, nuts and bolts etc come under space debris.
2. In a mid 2009 appraisal the NASA estimated that the number of large pieces of debris over 10 cms are 19,000,
Between 1 and 10 cms at 500,000 and smaller than 1 cm exceed tens of millions. Another study made in 1999 reveal that there are some 4 million pounds of space junk in the Low Earth Orbit(LEO).During the last one decade the estimated objects of over 10 cms in the LEO have more than doubled from 8500 in 1990 to 19,000 in 2009.
3. Space debris revolve around the globe at speeds of up to 25,000 mph with altitudes ranging from hundreds to thousands of miles.

9. SATELLITE PROTECTIVE MEASURES.

1.Damage to Space Crafts from the space debris is prevented by adding a thin layer of metal foil outside of the main space craft body.
2.When the debriscollide with foil with high velocity the debris will be vaporized and the plasma spreads out quickly. By this process damage to the inner wall of the space craft is protected.
3.Space crafts powered by Solar Panels are liable to be affected badly because the front portion of the Panel are positioned directly towards the Sun. As a result they get punctured by the debris.

10. UNITED NATIONS SPACE TREATY.

1.UN Treaty on the Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space Including the Moon and Other Cellestial Bodies of 1967.
2.Exploration and use of Outer Space should be carried on for the benefit of all peoples irrespective of the difference of economic or scientific development in accordance with the International Law.
3.Exploration and use of Outer Space should be only for peaceful purposes.
4The establishment of military bases installations and fortifications, the testing of any type of weapons and conduct of military maneuvers on celestial bodies shall be forbidden.

11. KEEP FOR PEACEFUL PURPOSES.

1.Stop US to dominate and militarize space.
2.Strengthen the movement launched by GLOBAL NETWORK AGAINST WEAPONS AND NUCLEAR POWER IN SPACE.
3.Be careful that one day you may be caught in the Traffic Jam in Space when you venture for a rendezvous.

KEEP SPACE FOR PEACE ONLY.

US Military Chief Addresses 'Space As Contested Environment'

* Text fwd from StopNATO*

US Military Chief Addresses 'Space As Contested Environment'

http://www.maxwell.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123142025
Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base
March 30, 2009
'Space as a contested environment' debuts
by Capt. Ben Sakrisson
Air University Public Affairs


-"We have to think about what we would do if our systems in space were attacked.
How we determine attribution for the attack, and respond in appropriate manner.
We also must consider how to create a strategic environment that makes attacks
and their consequences unacceptable - a new thinking on deterrence."

-"[A]bove all other communities, the military needs to understand implications
of space as a contested environment and how to protect America's interests."

-Air University's NSSC and AWC, in concert with the Air Force Space Command
chair to AU, and the National Security Space Institute worked for the past year
with military educators and the Joint Staff at the Pentagon to introduce a
space-focused SAE into military education programs; eventually leading to the
issuance of "Space as a Contested Environment."

COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. - A new Special Area of Emphasis topic titled "Space as
a Contested Environment," was introduced by U.S. military officials here March
30 at the 25th National Space Symposium.

Special Areas of Emphasis are established by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, Adm. Mike Mullen, to address areas of great importance to the joint
military community. This SAE highlights the space domain's emergence as an
environment where U.S. operations and superiority may be challenged.

"America's way of life is dependent on space," said the director of Air
University's National Space Studies Center, Col. Sean D. McClung. "Many decades
ago space was thought of as a sanctuary, we are entering into a new era where
space is a contested environment."

The forum introduced the SAE which is expected to impact Joint Professional
Military Education curricula and teachings at military education institutions
across the entire Department of Defense.

"We have to think about what we would do if our systems in space were attacked,"
Colonel McClung said. "How we determine attribution for the attack, and respond
in appropriate manner. We also must consider how to create a strategic
environment that makes attacks and their consequences unacceptable - a new
thinking on deterrence."
....
The scope of the SAE reaches beyond the Department of Defense seeking to
catalyze thought on the effect of space operations on the interdependent trio of
civil, commercial and military end users.

"Not only the military needs to understand the implications of space as a
contested environment, but civil and commercial organizations as well need to
understand the impact on their ability to do business as usual," Colonel McClung
said. "But, above all other communities, the military needs to understand
implications of space as a contested environment and how to protect America's
interests."

The nominal level of attention by the U.S. military to the nation's dependencies
upon and vulnerability of space capabilities drew congressional attention in
2006. This led to Air University's self-examination on space education in 2007;
which noted internal deficiencies requiring revisions of space curricula in Air
Force Professional Military Education. Similar deficiencies were found in space
education across the Department of Defense by an Air War College study. This
disturbing trend culminated with the NSSC initiating the effort to have CJCS
establish an SAE on space in 2008.

Air University's NSSC and AWC, in concert with the Air Force Space Command chair
to AU, and the National Security Space Institute worked for the past year with
military educators and the Joint Staff at the Pentagon to introduce a
space-focused SAE into military education programs; eventually leading to the
issuance of "Space as a Contested Environment."

The forum was attended by individuals across the space spectrum from members of
the DoD and space industry to educators and government officials. Attendance at
the presentation was limited at 100 people and due to heavy interest and seating
considerations many interested people were turned away.

This event leads into an Air Force Research Institute Symposium on "Space as a
Contested Environment," at Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala., in November.

(Editor's Note: This is the first article in a series of reports from the 25th
National Space Symposium in Colorado Springs.)
===========================
Stop NATO

Text Fwd: Toxic Rocket Fuel Problem Being Ignored

Text Fwd from Bruce Gagnon on March 31, 2009

http://www.wisn.com/health/19040768/detail.html
Outrage Growing Over Perchlorate Contamination Of Food
Group Says Government Must To More To Protect Public
March 30, 2009

MILWAUKEE -- An environmental group is accusing the government of not doing enough to protect people and the nation’s food from potentially dangerous levels of a rocket fuel ingredient.

It’s called perchlorate, and it’s a key component in rocket fuel.

"We don't think people realize how widespread of a contaminant it is," Environmental Working Group Dr. Anila Jacob said.

The group says that 20 million to 40 million Americans may be exposed to the chemical.

"We know that the CDC has found perchlorate in 100 percent of the people they've tested, so there's widespread exposure, through contaminated drinking water and also through contaminated food," Jacob said.

The concern is that the fuel additive has seeped into the ground and water in dozens of states -- usually from old military bases or NASA sites. That's how the group said how perchlorate has ended up in the drinking water and the food supply.

For most people, perchlorate contamination poses almost no health risk at all.

But it can be a serious concern for certain groups. It can affect thyroid hormone levels, which in a fetus or newborn baby can inhibit brain development -- which is why advocacy groups said pregnant women and nursing moms need to be made aware.

They have called for better education and stricter food and water guidelines. Congress even held hearings into the matter but not much was happening.

"We made very little progress, we may have even taken a step backward," Jacob said.

Five months ago, the EPA reached a decision -- to do nothing. It would not regulate perchlorate in drinking water at all.

The decision surprised many, and the resulting public outcry led the agency to re-think its position in early January, calling for more investigation.

The EWG says that's not good enough.

"We consider it to be a delay tactic -- every day that we delay in regulating this chemical, millions of people continue to be exposed," Jacob said.

Perchlorate has not shown up in Wisconsin’s groundwater.

The EWG said it is concerned about food that comes from states such as California and Texas, where there is contamination.

The group is also currently urging the FDA to increase its research into perchlorate contamination in the food supply, and search for news ways to reduce the risk.

The FDA said, so far testing has turned up no need for any new guidelines or warnings about perchlorate levels in food. But the testing has been limited to small samples -- and the agency said much more needs to be done, to know how widespread the contamination may be.


Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space
PO Box 652
Brunswick, ME 04011
(207) 443-9502
http://www.space4peace.org
globalnet@mindspring.com
http://space4peace.blogspot.com (Blog)